Diagnostic Techniques in Medical Immunology
Code: 103641 ECTS Credits: 3| Degree | Type | Year |
|---|---|---|
| 2502442 Medicine | OT | 3 |
Contact
- Name:
- Eva Maria Cabeza Martinez Caceres
- Email:
- evamariacabeza.martinez@uab.cat
Teachers
- Oscar de la Calle Martin
- Juan Francisco Delgado de la Poza
- Eva Maria Martinez Caceres
- Manuel Hernández González
- Andrés Baucells de la Peña
- Aina Teniente Serra
- Laura Martinez Martinez
- Germán Julia Agullo
- Anais Mariscal Rodriguez
- Joan Climent Martí
- Federico Fondelli
- Maria Esther Moga Naranjo
- Roger Colobran Oriol
- Mónica Martínez Gallo
- (External) Bibiana Quirant Sanchez
- (External) Clara Franco Jarava
- (External) Janire Perurena Priento
- (External) Laura Viñas Gimenez
- (External) Maite Sanz Martinez
- (External) Maria Igleasias Escudero
- (External) Romina Dieli Crimi
- (External) Victor Jimenez Coll
Teaching groups languages
You can view this information at the end of this document.
Prerequisites
The student should be at least registered in the medical immunology course
Objectives and Contextualisation
Contextualization
The subject aims to introduce students who already know immunology to the techniques used in the laboratory of diagnostic immunology and the algorithms applied to support clinical diagnosis. It focuses on hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, immunochemistry, immunodeficiencies, histocompatibility and immunogenetics. A brief introduction to the principles of laboratory management will be also provided.
Justification
Since the middle of the last century, when LE cells were discovered, many immunological diagnostic tests have been added to the clinical practice. Diagnostic immunology is a term used to define this particular area of immunology and is different and more restricted than clinical immunology, which includes a more global approach to immunological diseases and includes clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.
The techniques used in the laboratories of diagnostic immunology constitute a compendium of the most reliable, robust, reproducible and quantitative methods of the spectrum available to the immunologist. They include specific development, which sometimes constitute very advanced biotechnical and engineering techniques to generate reproducible results in the shorter possible time from very small samples.
The number of diagnostic immunology tests performed in the healthcare system is important, since they are not only performed in specialized laboratories but also in many general clinical analysis laboratories.
There is an important industry that manufactures kits and equipment for immunology tests. Since immunology is a very active research area and the there is ample room to improve present tests and to develop new ones for many diseases still orphan of immunological diagnosis and monitoring tests, this is a very promising area,
Competences
- Communicate clearly, orally and in writing, with other professionals and the media.
- Demonstrate understanding of the basic sciences and the principles underpinning them.
- Demonstrate understanding of the functions and interrelationships of body systems at different levels of organisation, homeostatic and regulatory mechanisms, and how these can vary through interaction with the environment.
- Demonstrate understanding of the manifestations of the illness in the structure and function of the human body.
- Demonstrate understanding of the mechanisms of alterations to the structure and function of the systems of the organism in illness.
- Establish the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, basing decisions on the best possible evidence and a multidisciplinary approach focusing on the patient's needs and involving all members of the healthcare team, as well as the family and social environment.
- Indicate the basic diagnosis techniques and procedures and analyse and interpret the results so as to better pinpoint the nature of the problems.
- Maintain and sharpen one's professional competence, in particular by independently learning new material and techniques and by focusing on quality.
- Put forward suitable preventive measures for each clinical situation.
- Reason and make decisions in conflict situations of an ethical, religious, cultural, legal or professional nature, including those that stem from economic constraints, the marketing of health cures or scientific advances.
- Recognise ethical, legal and technical factors in patients' documentation, plagiarism, confidentiality and propriety.
- Recognise the role of complexity, uncertainty and probability in decision-making in medical practice.
- Recognise, understand and apply the doctor's role as a manager of public resources.
- Use information and communication technologies in professional practice.
- Write patient records and other medical documents that can be understood by third parties.
Learning Outcomes
- Apply analytic tests in accordance with their cost efficiency.
- Apply the results of clinical and biological parameters indicative of the immune response to construct to diagnosis and treatment algorithms.
- Choose an experimental technique that allows development of a working hypothesis and the diagnostic process.
- Communicate clearly, orally and in writing, with other professionals and the media.
- Correctly write reports on the results of different types of tests (analytic, genetic).
- Describe legislation that regulates the use and confidentiality of analysis results.
- Describe the clinical and biological parameters generated in immunomediated diseases.
- Describe the indications of anatomopathological tests.
- Describe the indications of biochemical tests used in the diagnosis of genetic diseases.
- Describe the principles of the scientific method and their application to experimental work.
- Identify the cost efficiency of analytic tests.
- Identify the main mechanisms by which the immune system can cause or contribute to illness.
- Identify the semiological value of laboratory tests used in the most common human pathologies.
- Interpret measurable clinical and biological parameters that indicate a normal immune function and the changes resulting from interactions with the environment.
- Know and interpret in the physiological and pathological context the main techniques for diagnosing the different diseases.
- Know the main diseases mediated by the immune system and how they are reflected in the main parameters evaluating the state of the immune system.
- Know the main forms of preventive immunotherapy, especially vaccines, and the mechanism by which they confer protection.
- Know the therapeutic principles applicable to immunomediated diseases.
- Maintain and sharpen one's professional competence, in particular by independently learning new material and techniques and by focusing on quality.
- Make deductions on the basis of experimental findings.
- Use information and communication technologies in professional practice.
Content
Practical aspects of laboratory tests
1.- The immunology laboratory. Principles of operation and elements of the diagnostic process. Interpretation of diagnostic tests.
2.- Allergy diagnostic tests.
3.- Diagnostic tests of cellular and immunogenetic immunology (2 h). 4. - Diagnostic tests of immunochemistry.
5.- Diagnostic tests of systemic autoimmunity.
6.- Diagnostic tests of organ-specific autoimmunity (2 h). 7. - Diagnostic histocompatibility tests (2 h).
Clinical case seminars
SCC1: clinical cases: autoimmunity. SCC2: clinical cases: immunochemistry. SCC3: clinical cases: allergy.
SSC4: clinical cases: primary immunodeficiencies.
SSC5: clinical cases: transplant.
Activities and Methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type: Directed | |||
| CLINICAL CASE SEMINARS (SCC) | 5 | 0.2 | 2, 1, 4, 15, 16, 20, 7, 10, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 19, 21 |
| LABORATORY PRACTICALS (PLAB) | 10 | 0.4 | 2, 1, 4, 15, 16, 20, 7, 10, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 19, 21 |
| Type: Supervised | |||
| TUTORIALS | 8 | 0.32 | 19 |
| Type: Autonomous | |||
| SELF-STUDY/READING ARTICLES /REPORTS OF INTEREST | 47 | 1.88 | 2, 18, 16, 7, 13, 14, 5 |
General coordinator: Eva Martinez Cáceres
UD HVH: Manuel Hernandez Gonzalez
UD HSP: Oscar de la Calle
UD P Tauli: J Francisco Delgado de la Poza
UD GTP: Eva Martinez Cáceres
In the current exceptional circumstances, at the discretion of the teachers and also depending on the resources available and the public health situation, some of the theoretical classes, practicals and seminars organized by the Teaching Units may be taught either in person or virtually.
Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.
Assessment
Continous Assessment Activities
| Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attendance and active participation in class and in seminars by questions ( test or short questions) during the class | 20% | 0.5 | 0.02 | 2, 1, 4, 18, 15, 17, 16, 20, 7, 10, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 12, 14, 19, 5, 3, 21 |
| Oral Assessment :structured tests | 40% | 2 | 0.08 | 4, 17, 19, 5, 21 |
| Practical type evaluation : case studies | 40% | 2.5 | 0.1 | 2, 1, 18, 15, 17, 16, 20, 7, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 12, 14, 5, 3 |
Revaluation (Recovery test): resolution of clinical case (40%) and examination, 4 short questions (60%).
Students who do pass the tests will have to enrole again.
The students that wont perform all the necessary tests, will be considered: NOT AVALUABLE
This subject/module does not provide for the single assessment system
Bibliography
Textos
Blaney, Kathy D., and Paula R. Howard. Basic and Applied Concepts of Immunohematology. Mosby, 1999.
Brostoff, Jonathan, Alexander Gray, David Male, and Ivan Roitt. Case Studies in Immunology. 2nd ed. Gower Medical Pub, 1996.
Chapel, Helen. Essentials of Clinical Immunology. Fifth Edition Saunders, 2006.
Detrick, Barbara. Manual of Clinical Laboratory Immunology. 6th ed. Ed. Barbara Detrick. American Society Microbiology, 2002.
Gorczynski, Reginald M., and Jacqueline Stanley. Problem-Based Immunology. Saunders, 2006. Mackay, Ian R. The Autoimmune Diseases, Fourth Edition. 4th ed. Ed. Ian R. Mackay. Academic Press,
2006.
Yehuda Shoenfeld (Editor), Pier Luigi Meroni (Editor), M. Eric Gershwin MD (Editor) Autoantibodies, Third Edition -2014.
Hans D. Ochs, C. I. Edward Smith, Jennifer M. Puck. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: A Molecular & Cellular Approach. Oxford University Press, USA, 2013
Clinical Immunology: Principles and Practice. 5th edition Robert R. Rich MD , Thomas A Fleisher MD, William T. Shearer MD PhD, Harry Schroeder, Anthony J. Frew MD FRCP, Cornelia M. Weyand MD PhD, 2018.
Software
Power point
Language list
Information on the teaching languages can be checked on the CONTENTS section of the guide.