Degree | Type | Year |
---|---|---|
Microbiology | OP | 4 |
You can view this information at the end of this document.
Students enrolling in Host-Microbial Interactions (IMHo) should have achieved the learning competencies in Microbiology and Cell Biology, as well as in subjects related to Molecular Biology, Clinical Microbiology, Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Virology, and Microbial Ecology within their degree program; or similar subjects for exchange program students.
The elective course Host-Microbial Interactions (IMHo) delves into the cellular, molecular, and ecological interactions between microorganisms and their hosts. It also covers the methods and models used to study these interactions, as well as their evolutionary and co-evolutionary dynamics and implications.
THEORETICAL CONTENTS
Block 1. An introduction to the host microbiome: Definition of microbiome. Aspects to consider in the study of the microbiome. Methods for studying the microbiome: Types and integration of omics. Future perspectives in the study and research of the microbiome. Structure, functions and diversity of the microbiome: Composition of the plant, animal and human microbiomes. Modulating factors of its diversity and key functions.
Block 2. The history of virology and viral pathogenesis. Emergence of viral diseases. Pandemics and epidemics. Metagenomics and viral microscopy in natural environments and healthy individuals. The human virome and the universal virome. Viral titers. Non-pathogenic viruses. Impact on the health and evolution of hosts. Symbiosis, mutualism, and commensalism. Beneficial viral infections. Genetic cross-talk between individuals and between species; viruses in the exposome and exosome of the host. The origin of viruses. The Gaia hypothesis and viruses. Molecular and experimental view of the coevolution of viruses and hosts. Viruses as mobile genetic elements. Genes of cellular origin in viruses and genes of viral origin in the host. Gene regulation in the host. How to study the evolution of viruses and hosts in the laboratory.
Block 3. Host–microorganism contact: Signaling through innate immune system receptors: activation and/or immune response evasion mechanisms. Antigens and toxins. Binding, adherence, internalization and intracellular persistence. Microbiota and health: influence of the microbiome on the host immune system, metabolism, and behavior. Communication systems. Microbiota andinfections. Modulation of disease with microorganisms: use of microorganisms as therapeutic agents. Experimental models for the study of host–microorganism interaction: in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and animal models (invertebrates, vertebrates). Experimental objectives and selection of analytical methods in the different models.
Block 4. Molecular mechanisms that allow pathogens to establish, maintain and adapt infection within the host: Key virulence factors: nutritional immunity, secretionsystems, mechanisms of resistance to antibacterials, and appendages related to adhesion, invasion and motility. Horizontal gene transfer of virulence factors and antibacterial resistance. Intracellular adaptation and gene expression in the host: regulation of genes involved in virulence, resistance, and response to cellular stress. Critical pathogens in human health (ESKAPE) and in the agri-food and livestock sectors. Models for studying bacterial virulence in plants.
Block 5. Population and evolutionary aspects of microorganism–host interactions. Population growth and communication among microorganisms: quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm formation. Stress response during population growth and its role in pathogenesis: QS mediated, stringent response, toxin-antitoxin system, etc. Co-evolution with the host and population genomics. Evolution of virulence/pathogenicity factors. Genetic and omics methods for their study. Antimicrobial resistance as a population phenomenon: hetero-resistance, adaptive resistance, phenotypic resistance, and persistence in microbial populations.
LABORATORY PRACTICE CONTENTS
Non-pathogenic microorganisms as modelsfor pathogen–host interaction. Role of virulence and pathogenicityfactors in the interactions. Study of biofilms formation and bacterial motility. Cell culture and in vitro models of bacterial infection. Animal models of bacterial infection and determination of cultivable microbiota.
Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|
Type: Directed | |||
Laboratory practices | 15 | 0.6 | CM14, KM19, KM20, SM19, SM21, CM14 |
Lectures | 30 | 1.2 | KM19, KM20, SM21, KM19 |
Seminars | 10 | 0.4 | CM14, KM19, KM20, SM19, SM21, CM14 |
Type: Supervised | |||
Individual and group tutorial sessions | 4 | 0.16 | CM14, SM21, CM14 |
Type: Autonomous | |||
Individual study | 47 | 1.88 | CM14, KM19, KM20, SM19, SM21, CM14 |
Seminar planning and preparation | 20 | 0.8 | CM14, KM19, KM20, SM19, SM21, CM14 |
Text reading | 20 | 0.8 | CM14, KM19, KM20, SM19, SM21, CM14 |
Participatory Theoretical Classes: The delivery of each thematic block will be based on the lecture format, where active student participation will be encouraged. To teach some topics, activities such as self-learning, active learning, and/or short formative assessments may be included. Students are expected to acquire the knowledge specific to this subject by attending these classes and complementing them with personal study of the topics explained.
Seminars: These will be based on group work to solve problems, discuss scientific results, and/or experimental models related to each thematic block, which will be presented in class. Attendance at seminar sessions is mandatory. Instructions for each seminar will be published on the virtual campus at the beginning of each thematic block.
Laboratory Practical Classes: These are mandatory sessions (see faculty evaluation criteria) conducted in the teaching laboratories. Students will receive lab guide before the start of the sessions. For the practical sessions, students will work in small groups. At the beginning of each session, the teaching team will provide a brief theoretical explanation of the content of the practice and the experiments to be carried out by the students. To achieve good performance and acquire the competencies required for this subject, it is essential that students read and understand the lab guide beforehand, familiarizing themselves with the practices to be performed in each session and with the methodology they need to apply in each one.
Supervised Activities: The subject may include group and individual tutorials to support the formative activities mentioned earlier. Individual tutorials will generally take place in the faculty offices.
Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.
Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Assessment of laboratory practices | 20% | 0 | 0 | CM14, KM19, KM20, SM19, SM21 |
Assessment of seminar sessions | 20% | 0 | 0 | CM14, KM19, KM20, SM19, SM21 |
Theory assessment I | 35% | 2 | 0.08 | KM19, KM20, SM19, SM21 |
Theory Assessment II | 25% | 2 | 0.08 | KM19, KM20, SM19, SM21 |
Continuous Assessment
1. Evaluation module for theoretical classes (60% of the overall grade). Two written evaluation tests (midterms) will be scheduled throughout the course. The first test will account for 35% and the second for 25% of the overall grade. These partial evaluations are combined tests that may include multiple-choice questions, short-answer questions, written responses, and/or problem solving. To pass these evaluations, it is necessary to achieve a minimum score of 5.0 in each of them.
2. Evaluation module for seminars (20% of the overall grade). Attendance, participation, and class discussion of the problems posed will be evaluated at the end of each thematic block. To pass this module, a minimum score of 5 is required on the final module grade.
3. Evaluation module for laboratory practical classes (20% of the overall grade). This evaluation will consist of two tests: a) Practical skill, which will involve submitting various practical results during each lab session. b) A written test consisting of up to 15 multiple-choice questions about the work performed in the laboratory. These tests will weigh 4 and 6 points out of 10, respectively. To pass this module, a minimum score of 5 on the written test is required. Attendance at laboratory sessions is mandatory according to faculty evaluation criteria.
General Issues:
To pass the subject, a global grade of 5 or higher must be obtained, as well as individually in each evaluation module. Students who do not pass some of the evaluation modules may retake them on the scheduled date at the end of the semester. Likewise, on that same date, students who have passed the subject but wish to improve their grade may take a comprehensive exam covering all the evaluation modules. Taking the grade improvement exam implies forfeiting the previously obtained grade.
To participate in the retake, students must have previously been evaluated in a set of activities that account for at least two-thirds of the total subject or module grade. Therefore, students will receive a grade of "Not Evaluated" when the evaluation activities completed represent less than 67% of the final grade.
From the second enrollment onwards, it will not be necessary for the student to complete the practical module if they achieved the competencies of this part of the subject in the previous course.
Single Evaluation
For students opting for the single evaluation system, this consists of a single synthesis test evaluating the content of the entire subject program. It will consist of three parts:
Evaluation of the theory module: This will consist of a synthesis test covering all the contents of the theoretical module. The score obtained in this test will represent 60% of the final subject grade.
Evaluation of the seminar module: A written test with questions related to problem solving, discussion of results, or experimental proposals. The score obtained in this part will represent 20% of thefinal grade.
Evaluation of the practical module: Based on a written test about the activities carried out during the practical sessions, accounting for 12% of the final grade, and on the student’s practical skills, accounting for 8% of the final grade. The latter will be assessed during each lab session, so attendance is mandatory for all practical sessions.
All written tests will take place on the same day, coinciding in date and time with the 2nd written test established for continuous assessment.
To pass the subject, each part of the test must be passed separately with a grade equal to or greater than 5 out of 10. In case of failing the subject, the student may take a recovery evaluation with the same characteristics as described, and to pass the subject it will be necessary to obtain a grade equal to or higher than 5 in the parts that were not previously passed.
Use of Artificial Intelligence
For this subject, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted exclusively in support tasks, such as bibliographic or information searches, text correction or translations, or others at the discretion of the teaching staff. The student must clearly identify which parts have been generated with this technology, specify the tools used and include a critical reflection on how these have influenced the process and the final result of the activity. The lack of transparency in the use of AI in evaluable activities and seminars will be considered a lack of academic honesty and may lead to a partial or total penalty in the grade of the activity, or greater sanctions in serious cases.
Recommended books
Aquino de Muro, Marilena. (Ed.). (2023). Virus-Host Interactions : Methodsand Protocols (1st ed.). Springer US. Enllaç permanent.
Cossart, P., Boquet, P.,Normark, S. &Rappuoli, R. (Eds.).(2005). CellularMicrobiology (2ndedition).Wiley Online Library. Enllaç permanent.
Domingo, E. (2016). Virus as populations : composition, complexity, dynamics, andbiologicalimplications (Firstedition.). AcademicPress.Enllaç permanent.
Domingo, E. (Ed.). (2023). Viral fitness andevolution: Populationdynamicsandadaptivemechanisms (1st ed.). Springer. Enllaç permanent.
Gnanamanickam, S. S. (2006). Plant-associated bacteria. Dordrecht: Springer. Enllaç permanent
Leitão, Jorge H.(2020) Microbial Virulence Factors. International. Journal of Molecular Sciences. Enllaç permanent
Mani, I. & Singh, V. (Eds) (2024).Multi-omics analysis of the human microbiome. Springer.Enllaç permanent
Tennant, P., Fermin, G., & Foster, J. E. (2018). Viruses : molecular biology, host interactions, andapplications to biotechnology. AcademicPress. Enllaç permanent.
Weaver, S. C., Denison, M., Roossinck, M., & Vignuzzi, M. (Eds.). (2016). Virus evolution: Currentresearchandfuturedirections (1st ed.). CaisterAcademicPress. Enllaç permanent.
Specific software are not needed.
Please note that this information is provisional until 30 November 2025. You can check it through this link. To consult the language you will need to enter the CODE of the subject.
Name | Group | Language | Semester | Turn |
---|---|---|---|---|
(PLAB) Practical laboratories | 711 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
(SEM) Seminars | 711 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
(TE) Theory | 71 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |