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Superimposed Voices and Respeaking B-A

Code: 44381 ECTS Credits: 6
2024/2025
Degree Type Year
4315982 Audiovisual Translation OB 0

Contact

Name:
Judith Cortés Villaroya
Email:
judith.cortes@uab.cat

Teachers

Sara Bonjoch Llaquet
(External) Pablo Romero Fresco

Teaching groups languages

You can view this information at the end of this document.


Prerequisites

There are no prerequisites.


Objectives and Contextualisation

  • Knowing the history and legal context of live subtitling at national and international level.
  • Knowing the user's reality.
  • Understanding and analyzing different audiovisual products with live subtitles.
  • Performing live subtitling of various types with their corresponding registers.
  • Getting to know the software, techniques and characteristics of live subtitles.
  • Acquiring theoretical knowledge and practical skills for creating subtitles using speech recognition.
  • Getting to know the voice-over technique and its different working systems: translation for postproduction (with and without script and synch) and for production (translation without script and adaptation).
  • Getting to know voice-over conventions and apply them according to the type of product.
  • Getting to know the different types of products that can be produced in this technique and see the differences when translating them.

Competences

  • Act in accordance with the code of ethics of the profession.
  • Continue the learning process, to a large extent autonomously.
  • Discern the different modes and textual genres of audiovisual translation and media accessibility and their characteristics.
  • Manage projects in audiovisual translation, accessibility, multimedia localisation, and translation of web pages and video games.
  • Master strategies for the correction, linguistic revision and post-edition of audiovisual products.
  • Recognise the translation problems specific to the different modes of audiovisual products and use the knowledge acquired to solve them.
  • Translate and make accessible audiovisual products, multimedia products, web pages, video games and software.
  • Use specific software to translate and make accessible audiovisual products, multimedia products and video games.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Act in accordance with the code of ethics of the profession.
  2. Continue the learning process, to a large extent autonomously.
  3. Identify and correct errors in products translated through voice-over and respeaking.
  4. Identify the principal characteristics of the voice-over and respeaking modes.
  5. Produce translations for voice-overs and respeaking that fulfill the industry's professional standards.
  6. Produce translations that conform to restrictions of space using respeaking technology.
  7. Produce translations that conform to restrictions of space using the voice-over technique, with or without a script.
  8. Recognise the financial and professional aspects of the respeaking and voice-over sector.
  9. Solve translation problems related to respeaking.
  10. Solve translation problems related to voice-overs.
  11. Use software to translate through speech recognition.
  12. Work in and lead teams engaging in translation for voice-over or respeaking.

Content

Voice over

  • Theoretical aspects of voice over: synchronies and main features.
  • Practical aspects of voice over: typology and working systems, time codes, formatting and script types.
  • The translation of documentaries: narrators and interviewees.
  • The translation of reality shows and film additional materials.
  • Aspects of linguistic variation, terminological and formal aspects.
  • Translation of unknown languages with English script.
  • Translation with and without script.
  • The register in voice-over.

Respeaking

  • Live subtitling: definition, origins and types of subtitles.
  • National and international panorama of live subtitling.
  • The user: reception of live subtitles.
  • Familiarization with the creation of subtitles through speech recognition software.
  • Familiarization and techniques to create subtitles by respeaking.
  • Respeaking practice with Dragon software with videos of different formats, live television, congresses and other uses of respeaking.
  • Tricks and techniques for a good, efficient and accurate result.
  • Research practices, dictation, self-editing and joint editing.
  • Current affairs programmes, sports, entertainment, congresses, live events.
  • Working conditions and risk prevention for subtitlers.

 

 

Activities and Methodology

Title Hours ECTS Learning Outcomes
Type: Directed      
Online master classes and problem solving 36 1.44 1
Type: Supervised      
Activities supervised by the lecturer 18 0.72 1, 2
Type: Autonomous      
Autonomous work of students 96 3.84 1

The tools provided by UAB Virtual Campus are used for virtual teaching modalities.
The following methodologies will be used:

  • Performing translation tasks.
  • Performing translation projects.
  • Exercises resolution.
  • Performing of individual/group work.
  • Debates (in forums).
  • Cooperative learning techniques.

Didactic activities are organized in three blocks, according to the degree of autonomy required:

  • a) Directed activities: the management of the lecturer is required to perform these activities.
  • b) Supervised activities: a more or less punctual supervision by the lecturer is required to perform these activities.
  • c) Autonomous activities: student organize themselves in time and effort in an autonomous way (individually or in groups).

Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.


Assessment

Continous Assessment Activities

Title Weighting Hours ECTS Learning Outcomes
Continuous assessment exercises (voice-over) 10 0 0 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12
Participation in class/fora of Respeaking 10 0 0 1, 2, 4, 8, 9
Participation in voice over fora 10 0 0 1, 2, 7, 8, 10
Respeaking exercise 1 20 0 0 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11
Respeaking exercise 2 20 0 0 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11
Voice over exercice 2 15 0 0 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10
Voice over exercise 1 15 0 0 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10

Assessment 

Assessment is continuous. Students must provide evidence of their progress by completing 4 tasks, all of them being compulsory, as well as other additional activities. Task deadlines will be indicated in the course schedule on the first day of class. The information on assessment activities and their weighting is a guide. The subject's lecturer will provide full information when teaching begins. 

Review 

When publishing final marks prior to recording them on students' transcripts, the lecturer will provide written notification of a date and time for reviewing assessment activities. Students must arrange reviews in agreement with the lecturer. 

Missed/failed assessment activities 

Students may retake assessment activities they have failed or compensate for any they have missed, provided that those they have actually performed account for a minimum of 66.6% (two thirds) of the subject's final mark and that they have a weighted average mark of at least 3.5.  

The lecturer will inform students of the procedure involved, in writing, when publishing final marks prior to recording them on transcripts. The lecturer may set one assignment per failed or missed assessment activity or a single assignment to cover a number of such activities. Under no circumstances may an assessment activity worth 100% of the final mark be retaken or compensated for. The grade of the reassessment activity will no be higher than 5.

Classification as "not assessable" 

In the event of the assessment activities a student has performed accounting for just 25% or less of the subject's final mark, their work will be classified as "not assessable" on their transcript. 

Misconduct in assessment activities 

Students whoengage in misconduct (plagiarism, copying, personation, etc.) in an assessment activity will receive amark of “0” for the activity in question. In the case of misconduct in more than one assessment activity, thestudent involved will be given a final mark of “0” for the subject. Assessment activities in which irregularities have occurred (e.g. plagiarism, copying, impersonation) are excluded from recovery. 

Single assessment

This module is not suitable for single assessment.


Bibliography

Live subtitling

Arumí Ribas, Marta and Pablo Romero-Fresco (2008) ‘A Practical Proposal for the Training of Respeakers’, Journal of Specialised Translation 10: 106-127. Available online: http://www.jostrans.org/issue10/art_arumi.php [Accessed: 21 July 2022].

CSA (2011) Charte relative à la qualité du sous-titrage à destination des personnes sourdes ou malentendantes, Paris: Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel. Available online: http://www.csa.fr/Espace-juridique/Chartes/Charte-relative-a-la-qualite-du-sous-titrage-a-destination-des-personnes-sourdes-ou-malentendantes-Decembre-2011 [Accessed: 21 July 2022].

Dumouchel, Pierre, Gilles Boulianne and Julie Brousseau (2011) ‘Measures for quality of closed captioning’. In: Adriana Şerban, Anna Matamala and Jean Marc Lavaur (eds) Audiovisual Translation in Close-up: Practical and Theoretical Approaches, Bern: Peter Lang, 161-172.

English Broadcasters Group (EBG) (2014) Report on Efforts to Improve the Quality of Closed Captioning, Toronto: EBG. Available online: http://www.crtc.gc.ca/fra/BCASTING/ann_rep/bmt_cbc_rm_sm.pdf [Accessed: 21 July 2022].

Eugeni, Carlo (2008a) ‘Respeaking the News for the Deaf: for a real special needs-oriented subtitling’, Studies in English Language and Literature, 21, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei.

Eugeni, Carlo (2008b) ‘A Sociolinguistic Approach to Real-time Subtitling: Respeaking vs. Shadowing and Simultaneous Interpreting’. In: Cynthia Jane Kellett Bidoli and Elana Ochse (eds.). English in International Deaf Communication, Bern: Peter Lang, 357-82.

Eugeni, Carlo. (2009) ‘Respeaking the BBC News: A Strategic Analysis of Respeaking on the BBC’, The Sign Language Translator and Interpreter, 3(1): 29-68.

Eugeni, Carlo (2012) ‘A Strategic Model for the Analysis of Respoken TV Subtitles’, US-China Foreign Language, Vol. 10, Núm. 6.

Eugeni, Carlo, and Gabriele Mack (2006) (eds) Intralinea, Special Issue on New Technologies in Real Time Intralingual Subtitling. Available online: http://www.intralinea.org/specials/respeaking [Accessed: 21 July 2022].

Lambourne, Andrew, Jill Hewitt, Caroline Lyon and Sandra Warren (2004) ‘Speech-Based Real-Time Subtitling Services’, International Journal of Speech Technology 7(4): 269–79.

Luyckx, Bieke; Tijs Delbeke, Luuk Van Waes, Mariëlle Leijten and Aline Remael (2013) ‘Live Subtitling with Speech Recognition. Causes and Consequences of Text Reduction’, Across Languages and Cultures 14 (1): 15-46.

Matthews, Laura (2015) Getting the Full Picture? Viewers’ experiences of television Subtitling, London: AOHL (Action on Hearing Loss).

Mikul, Chris (2014) Caption Quality: International approaches to standards and measurement, Sydney: Media Access Australia.

Matamala, Anna; Pablo Romero-Fresco and Lukasz Daniluk (2017). ‘The use of respeaking for the transcription of non-fictional genres: an exploratory study’. InTRAlinea. Online Translation Journal, Vol. 19. Available online: https://www.intralinea.org/archive/article/2262 [Accessed: 21 July 2022]

OFCOM (2015a). Measuring live subtitling quality: Results from the fourth sampling exercise, London: Office of Communications. Available online: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/41114/qos_4th_report.pdf [Data de consulta: 21 juliol 2022].

Remael, Aline and Bart van der Veer (2006) ‘Real-Time Subtitling in Flanders: Needs and Teaching’. In: Carlo Eugeni and Gabriele Mack (eds) Intralinea, Special Issue on Respeaking. Available online: http://www.intralinea.org/specials/article/Real-Time_Subtitling_in_Flanders_Needs_and_Teaching [Accessed: 21 July 2022]

Remael, Aline; Luuk Van Waes and Mariëlle Leijten (2014) ‘Live Subtitling with Speech Recognition – How to pinpoint the challenges?’. In: Dror Abend-David (ed.) Media and translation: An interdisciplinary approach, London: Bloomsbury, 121-147.

Romero-Fresco, Pablo (2009) ‘More Haste Less Speed: Edited vs. Verbatim Respeaking’, Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics (VIAL) VI: 109-33.

Romero-Fresco, Pablo (2010) ‘Standing on quicksand: viewers’ comprehension and reading patterns of respoken subtitles for the news’. In: Jorge Díaz-Cintas, Anna Matamala and Josélia Neves (eds.). New insights into audiovisual translation and media accessibility, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 175-195.

Romero-Fresco, Pablo (2011) Subtitling through Speech Recognition: Respeaking, Manchester: Routledge.

Romero-Fresco, Pablo (2012) ‘Respeaking in Translator Training Curricula. Present and Future Prospects’, The Interpreter and Translator Trainer (ITT) 6-1: 91 – 112.  

Romero-Fresco, Pablo (2012b) ‘Quality in live subtitling: the reception of respoken subtitles in the UK’. In: Aline Remael, Pilar Orero and Mary Carroll (eds) Audiovisual translation and media accessibility at the crossroads, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 111-133.

Romero-Fresco, Pablo (2015) ‘Final Thoughts: Viewing Speed’. In: Pablo Romero-Fresco (ed.) The Reception of Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, Berlin: Peter Lang, 335-343.

Romero-Fresco, Pablo and Juan Martínez (2015) ‘Accuracy Rate in Live Subtitling: The NER model’. In: Javier Díaz Cintas and Rocío Baños (eds) Audiovisual Translation in a Global Context: Mapping an Ever-changing Landscape, Palgrave Macmillan, 28-50.

Romero-Fresco, Pablo and Carlo Eugeni (2020). Live subtitling through respeaking. In: Łukasz Bogucki and Mikołaj Deckert (Eds.), Handbook of Audiovisual Translation and Media Accessibility, Palgrave.

 

Voice-over

Cabré, Teresa (1999) La terminología: representación y comunicación. Barcelona: Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. (Sèrie monografies, 3).

Chaume, Frederic (2013). "The turn of audiovisual translation: New audiences and new technologies". Translation Spaces, 2, 2013. 2. 10.1075/ts.2.06cha.

Baños, Rocío (2019). Translating reality TV into Spanish: When fast-food TV challenges AVT conventions. Perspectives, 27(2), 265-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2018.1424221

Díaz-Cintas, Jorge and Pilar Orero (2005) “Screen Translation, Voice-over”. Encyclopedia of Languages, Londres: Elsevier, 473.

Espasa, Eva (2004) “Myths about documentary translation”. In: Pilar Orero (ed.) Topics in Audiovisual Translation, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 183-197.

Franco, Eliana P.C. (2000) Revoicing the Alien in Documentaries. Cultural Agency, Norms and the Translation of Audiovisual Reality. Availableonline: https://aplicacionesua.cpd.ua.es/tra_int/usu/vercompleto.asp?txtId=46868 [Accessed: 21 July 2022]

Franco, Eliana P. C. (2001) “Voiced-over television documentaries. Terminological and conceptual issues for their research”, Target 13:2, 289-304.

Franco, Eliana P.C.; Matamala, Anna; Orero, Pilar (2010) Voice-over Translation: an Overview. Berna: Peter Lang. 2nd edition 2012.

Gambier, Yves (2000) “Comunicación audiovisual y traducción: perspectivas y contribuciones”. In: Lourdes Lorenzo and Ana M. Pereira (eds.) Traducción subordinada (1). Eldoblaje (inglés-español-galego). Vigo: Servicio de Publicacións, Universidade de Vigo.

Gómez Martín, Mónica (2006). “Los nuevos géneros de la neotelevisión”. Area abierta, 13, pp. 2-8. DOI: 10.5209/ARAB.5014

Gordillo, Immaculada y Mar Ramírez-Alvarado (2009). “Fórmulas y formatos de la telerrealidad. Taxonomía del hipergénero docudramático”. En: Telerrealidad: el mundo tras el cristal (pp. 24-35). Sevilla: Comunicación Social ediciones y publicaciones.

Ieva Grigaraviciute and Henrik Gottlieb (1999) “Danish Voices, Lithuanian Voice-over. The Mechanics of Non-Synchronous Translation”, Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 7:1, 41-80.

Iturregui-Gallardo, Gonzalo and Anna Matamala (2021) "Audio subtitling: dubbing and  voice-over effects and their impact on user experience". Perspectives. Studies in Translatology, 29(1), 64-83. Open access. Published online in 2020. [Data de consulta: 22 juliol 2022]

Kilborn, Richard (2003). Staging the real: Factual TV programming in the age of Big Brother. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Manchester University Press.

León, Bienvenido (2009). Introducción. En: Bienvenido León (Coord.). Telerrealidad. El mundo tras el cristal

(1ª edición, p. 13-23). Sevilla: Comunicación Social Ediciones y Publicaciones.

Lozano, Dolores and Anna Matamala (2009) The translation of terminology in TV fiction series: the Spanish dubbing of ER. VIAL, 6, 73-87.

Matamala, Anna (2010) Terminological challenges in the translation of science documentaries: a case-study. Across Languages and Cultures 11(2), 255-272.

Matamala, Anna (2019) "Voice-over: practice, research and future prospects". Luis Pérez-González (ed) The Routledge Handbook of Audiovisual Translation. Milton Park, Regne Unit: Routledge, 64-81.

Matamala, Anna (2019) Traducció audiovisual and accessibilitat. Vic: Eumo.

Matamala, Anna (2020). "Translating non-fictional genres: voice-over and off-screen dubbing". In: Lukasz Bogucki and Mikolaj Deckert (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of audiovisual translation andmedia, 133-148. Palgrave Macmillan, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42105-2_7

Matamala, Anna (2024). Dubbing and Voice-over. Reference Module in Social Sciences [en línea]. S.l.: Elsevier, [consulta: 17 julio 2024]. ISBN 978-0-443-15785-1. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323955041000612.

Orero, Pilar (2004) “The Pretended Easiness of Voice-over Translation of TV Interviews”. In: Jostrans 2 [www.jostrans.org/issue02/articles/p_orero.htm]

Orero, Pilar (2005) “La traducción de entrevistas para voice-over”. In: Patrick Zabalbeascoa, Laura Santamaria and Frederic Chaume (eds). La traducción audiovisual: investigación, enseñanza y profesión. Granada: Comares, 213-222.

Orero, Pilar (2009) “Voice-over in audiovisual translation”. In: Gunilla Anderman and Jorge Díaz-Cintas (eds). Audiovisual translation. Language transfer on screen. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan, 130-139.

Orero, Pilar (2011) “The Process of Translation for the Production of TV Programmes broadcast by Voice-over”. In: Jorge Díaz-Cintas, Jorge (ed.) Audiovisual Translation: Language Transfer on Screen. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Spinzi, Cinzia (2020). (Re)creating actuality in environmental documentaries: The case of Before the Flood. Bridge: Trends and Traditions in Translation and Interpeting Studies [en línea], vol. 1, no. 2, [consulta: 17 julio 2024]. ISSN 2729-8183. Disponible en: https://www.bridge.ff.ukf.sk/index.php/bridge/article/view/11. 

Software

Respeaking

Dragon Naturally Speaking and Webcaptioner.


Language list

Name Group Language Semester Turn
(PAULm) Classroom practices (master) 1 Catalan/Spanish second semester afternoon
(TEm) Theory (master) 1 Catalan/Spanish second semester afternoon