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2023/2024

Ethical and Methodological Bases of Nursing

Code: 106107 ECTS Credits: 6
Degree Type Year Semester
2500891 Nursing OB 1 2

Contact

Name:
Antonia Arreciado Marañon
Email:
antonia.arreciado@uab.cat

Teaching groups languages

You can check it through this link. To consult the language you will need to enter the CODE of the subject. Please note that this information is provisional until 30 November 2023.

Teachers

Miguel Jimenez Pera

External teachers

Pendent

Prerequisites

There are no specific prerequisites.


Objectives and Contextualisation

Methodological Basis of Nursing is a 6 ECTS credits’ subject. As set out in the general guidelines of the Nursing Basis it is considered as a compulsory subject in order to obtain the Degree in Nursing of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

In this subject, the ethics and methodological basis of nursing profession is used as an essential tool in order to provide quality nursing care. In a context like the current one, with constant transformations and influenced by diverse and changing factors, it is necessary to train future professionals in a systematic work methodology that allows them to solve problems within their competence field. In the professional care field, students must learn how to work with standardized and computerized cures and done safely, it requires the mastery of nursing methodology principles and/or nursing care procedures. The development of this practice is carried out within a specific social environment and within the framework of a health system based on principles, values and social and legal norms which interact with the user and the professional values. Values than in the everyday activity in the decision making about health care, can collide and present conflicts that give rise to some ethical dilemmas.

The subject’s training objectives are the following:

  • Know the process of nursing care in order to use it later in clinical practice.
  • Acquire skills to apply the scientific method in nursing interventions.
  • Know the obligations and responsibilities that affect the professional practice of nursing.
  • Critical thinking skills acquisition, necessary for a safe and effective professional performance.
  • Demonstrate the ability to apply a critical analysis and a rigorous assessment of care situations in order to help the user and / or family to adopt the most appropriate behavior to achieve their well-being based on their own knowledge and the application ethical principles, and especially respecting the rights human as well as userrights.

Competences

  • "Demonstrate an understanding of people without prejudice: consider physical, psychological and social aspects, as independent individuals; ensure that their opinions, values and beliefs are respected and guarantee their right to privacy, through trust and professional secrecy."
  • Act with ethical responsibility and respect for fundamental rights and duties, diversity and democratic values.
  • Apply the main foundations and theoretical and methodological principles of nursing.
  • Base nursing interventions on scientific evidence and the available media.
  • Demonstrate knowledge of the ethical and deontological code of Spanish nursing and what is understood by ethical health implications in a changing world context.
  • Design systems for curing aimed at people, families or groups and evaluate their impact, making any necessary changes.
  • Make changes to methods and processes in the area of knowledge in order to provide innovative responses to society's needs and demands.
  • Promote and respect the right to participation, information, autonomy and informed consent in decision-making by the patient, in accordance with the way they are experiencing the health-illness process.
  • Students must have and understand knowledge of an area of study built on the basis of general secondary education, and while it relies on some advanced textbooks it also includes some aspects coming from the forefront of its field of study.
  • Take sex- or gender-based inequalities into consideration when operating within one's own area of knowledge.
  • Use scientific methodology in interventions.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Acquire and use the necessary instruments for developing a critical and reflective attitude.
  2. Analyse gender inequalities and the factors on which they are base from in different systems: family system, parents, economic, political, symbolism and educational systems.
  3. Analyse situations of nursing care relating to ethical approaches.
  4. Analyse the ethical deontological code of nursing as well as the current legislation referring to health care.
  5. Analyse the physical, psychological and social aspects affecting the autonomy and independence of individuals.
  6. Analyse the problems, prejudices and discrimination in the short and long term in relation to certain people or groups.
  7. Apply scientific evidence in the planning and practice of nursing care.
  8. Consider the physical, psychological and social aspects of situations of conflict from a bioethical point of view to reach a solution.
  9. Critically analyse the principles and values that regulate the exercising of the nursing profession.
  10. Demonstrate the importance of confidentiality, intimacy and professional secrecy in nursing care.
  11. Describe processes to promote the participation and autonomy of the person in making decisions about their health process of illness.
  12. Describe the deontological code of nursing.
  13. Describe the ethical principles involved in nursing research.
  14. Describe the rights and responsibilities of users of the health services.
  15. Develop skills for the application of the scientific method in nursing interventions.
  16. Explain the main ethical principles and bases of informed consent.
  17. Identify nursing care actions that respect the principles of ethical responsibility, fundamental rights and responsibilities, diversity and democratic values.
  18. Identify nursing problems and collaboration problems, using nursing methodology and current standardised language.
  19. Identify professional deontological, bioethical, basic legal and Spanish legislative concepts in the area of healthcare.
  20. Identify the criteria for adequate results for nursing problems detected.
  21. Identify the different stages of the nursing process and its specific application as a response to people with changing health. 
  22. Identify the standardised language and taxonomies of nursing that are most used in relation to nursing diagnoses, results criteria and interventions.
  23. Indicate measures to measures to ensure respect for opinions, beliefs and values without passing value judgements.
  24. Indicate the necessary interventions to show comprehension and respect towards the person as a autonomous and independent individual.
  25. Recognise the fundamental rights of the individual based on the deontological code of nursing.
  26. Reflect on the right to information and participation ensuring autonomy of decision-making and the confidentiality of information.
  27. Students must have and understand knowledge of an area of study built on the basis of general secondary education, and while it relies on some advanced textbooks it also includes some aspects coming from the forefront of its field of study.

Content

The subject contains two differentiated blocks: Methodological Bases of Nursing (BM) and Ethical Bases of Nursing (BE).

1) METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF NURSING (BM):

  • Scientific Methodology in Nursing: Nursing Care Process (PAI)

What is PAI and what are its phases?

Benefits of PAI praxis.

What is critical thinking and how to get to think critically.

PAI and nursing models. Conceptual model of Virginia Henderson. Concepts’ review.

  • Stages of the Nursing Care Process

1. Assessment

Definition and how to make an assessment. Phases:

- Data collection.

- Data validation.

- Data organization.

- Report and registration of data.

2. Diagnosis.

Application of critical thinking and data interpretation to identify the problem and formulate the diagnosis. We will distinguish between:

- Nursing diagnosis.

- Autonomy problems.

- Collaboration problems.

3. Planning.

Definition and how to complete a plan.

- Set priorities

- Establish objectives. Characteristics of the objectives.

- Decide interventions / activities: types and characteristics.

4. Execution.

Definition and how to complete the Nursing care execution.

- Preparation for execution

- Accomplishment

- Registration

5. Evaluation.

Definition and purpose of the evaluation process.

How to evaluate the results criteria and the nursing interventions.

Continuous evaluation of the nursing care process until resolution. 

  • Standard and individual care plans. Guidelines for clinical practice, protocols and procedures.

 

2) ETICAL BASES OF NURSING (BE):

  • Fundamentals of Ethics and clinical bioethics.

Introduction to bioethics, frames of reference.

Ethical principles of the nursing profession

  • Ethical aspects of healthcare practice.

The nursing professional and the practice of the profession: Situations throughout life

Ethical dilemmas

  • Legal aspects of professional practice and health care.

Skills of the profession and Codes of Ethics

Introduction to Legislation in the health field

 


Methodology

1) METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF NURSING (BM):

Theory.

This teaching typology has the purpose of providing students with the necessary knowledge and skills in order to elaborate and carry out the nursing care process. 

Theory sessions are based on interactive work between the teacher and students. In this sense, during the sessions, different aspects combined:

a) Teaching given by the professor

b) Exercises of reflection and practices to carry out in the clasroom

The active participation of the student in the proposed activities is imperative.

Specialized Seminars (SESP).

Based on the knowledge and skills acquired in the whole group theory sessions, students will work on in a practical way and in small groups, all the phases of the nursing methodology. The final result will be the elaboration of a complete nursing care process based on a proposed clinical case.

Specialized seminars are planned to be worked in groups of 20-25 students. Groups will be defined by the subject coordinator at the beginning of the academic year and students will be informed through the subject’s Moodle. 

Attending seminars is mandatory. Non-attendance affects the final mark negatively.

Individualized tutorials.

Specific tutorials can be arranged by contacting the teacher by email.

 

2) ETICAL BASES OF NURSING (BE):

Theory.

Expository and participative master classes, with the help of audiovisual media and the analysis of documentation and clinical cases.

Specialized Seminars.

In groups, students will expand the knowledge and skills acquired in the theory sessions by carrying out four exercises: Document analysis, scenario analysis, argumentative debates and creation of an individual or collective position regarding bioethical issues.

The seminars are eminently participatory and collaborative.

Individualized tutorials.

Specific tutorials can be arranged by contacting the teacher by email.

 

Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.


Activities

Title Hours ECTS Learning Outcomes
Type: Directed      
SPECIALICED SEMINARS 24.5 0.98
THEORY 25 1
Type: Autonomous      
PREPARATION OF WRITTEN WORKS/SELF-STUDY / READING ARTICLES / REPORTS OF INTEREST 89.5 3.58

Assessment

 

The two blocks that make up the subject (Methodological Bases and Ethical Bases) are evaluated independently. However, to pass the subject it is necessary to pass each of these blocks with a minimum grade of 5.

1) METHODOGICAL BASES OF NURSING: 70%

Evaluation of the theoretical part: Written evaluation through objective tests (exam).

It represents 50% of the final mark of the block.

Its objective is to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge of the subject worked in the theoretical sessions and it will be carried out at the end of them. This evaluation will consist of short-answer open questions and/or questions with multiple-choice items (multiple-choice) on the theoretical knowledge acquired throughout the course. In the latter case, the questions with multiple response items will contain 4 response options. The errors are subtracted according to the following formula: x= hits-(errors/n-1) where n is the number of answer options.

You have to get a minimum grade of 4 to make the weighted average with the seminars on this blog.

Evaluation of the Specialized Seminars: Evaluation through practical cases and problem solving: preparation and written delivery

It represents 50% of the final mark of the blog.

Preparation and written delivery of a Nursing Care Process based on cases proposed in the Seminars.

The evaluation is carried out through rubrics prepared for this purpose and posted in Moodle at the beginning of the seminars.

Attendance at seminars is mandatory. However, the first lack of attendance is NOT penalized. For each added fault there will be a reduction of 1 point from the final grade of the seminars on this blog. If a student misses more than 3 seminars, they will be counted as Not Evaluable in the final grade of the seminars on this blog.

It is not necessary to get a minimum grade to perform the weighted average with the rest of the evaluation activities in this block.

2) ETHICAL BASIS OF NURSING: 30%

The Ethical Bases block will be fully evaluated by means of a multiple choice test at the end of the specialized seminars (see date on calendar).

In order to take the evaluation test of the Ethical Bases block, a minimum of two Ethical Bases seminars must have been completed.

The four Ethical Bases seminars are mandatory attendance. The first lack of attendance at an Ethical Basis seminar is not penalized. The second lack of attendance (with or without justification) at an Ethical Bases seminar will subtract 1 point from the Ethical Bases block grade. Accumulating three or four failures to attend the Ethical Bases seminars will lead to the assignment of 'Not Evaluable' in the Ethical Bases block.

 

OBTAINING THE FINAL QUALIFICATION

The final grade of the subject corresponds to the sum of the grade obtained in both blocks with the following weighting: 70% Methodological Bases and 30% Ethical Bases block. The requirement to carry out this summation is to have obtained a minimum score of 5 points in each block. In the event that the mark of one of the blocks of the subject is less than 5, the final grade of the subject will be failed and the resulting numerical mark will be that corresponding to the failed part as long as it is equal to or greater than 3.5 If it is lower, the numerical mark will be set at 3.5.

Not Evaluable will be understood as a student who has not taken any or any of the evaluation activities (written evaluation through objective tests of each block), who does not present the required written work on the PAI and with more absences in the Seminars of those contemplated. Having an NA in one of the blocks of the subject will mean an NA in the entire subject.

Students who have not passed the subject through continuous assessment may take a recovery test. To participate in the recovery, students must have been previouslyevaluated in a set of activities whose weight is equivalent to a minimum of two thirdsof the total grade for the subject (article 112 ter. of the UAB evaluation regulations). The student must appear only in the suspended block. The characteristics of the recovery test are the same as those of the continuous assessment tests. The mark obtained in the recovery test will be the final mark of the recovered part. The option of applying for grade improvement is not contemplated.

The student has the right to review the evaluation tests. For this, the date will be specified on the virtual campus. According to the agreement 4.4 of the Governing Council 11/17/2010 of the evaluation regulations, the qualifications will be:

From 0 to 4.9 = Suspense

From 5.0 to 6.9 = Approved

From 7.0 to 8.9 = Notable

From 9.0 to 10 = Excellent

When the student does not attend any or none of the planned evaluation activities = No Evaluable

This subject does not provide the single assessment system


Assessment Activities

Title Weighting Hours ECTS Learning Outcomes
Evaluation through case studies and problem solving: preparation and written delivery (Methodological Bases) 35% 4 0.16 1, 7, 15, 20, 22, 21, 18, 24, 23
Written Evaluation through Objective tests (Ethical Bases) 30% 3 0.12 9, 4, 5, 6, 3, 8, 10, 14, 11, 12, 16, 13, 19, 17, 24, 23, 27, 25, 26
Written Evaluation through Objective tests (Methodological Bases) 35% 4 0.16 5, 2, 11, 22, 21, 18, 27

Bibliography

 METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF NURSING (BM):

  1. Alfaro R. Pensamiento crítico y juicio clínico en enfermería: un enfoque práctico para un pensamiento centrado en los resultados. 4ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier;2009.
  2. Alfaro R. Aplicación del proceso enfermero: fomentar el cuidado en colaboración. 5ª ed. Barcelona: Masson; 2003.
  3. Bulechek G, Butcher H, McCloskey J. Clasificación de intervenciones de enfermería (NIC). 7ª ed. Madrid: Elsevier; 2019 (digital 2919).
  4. Johnson M, Moorhead S, Bulechek G, Butcher H, Maas M, Swanson E. Vínculos de NOC y NIC a NANDA-I y diagnósticos médicos. Soporte para el razonamiento crítico y la calidad de los cuidados. 3ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier;2018 (digital 2018).
  5. Luis MT, Fernández C, Navarro MV, De la teoría a la práctica: el pensamiento de Virginia Henderson en el siglo XXI. 2ªed. Barcelona: Masson; 2005.
  6. Luis MT. Los diagnósticos enfermeros: revisión crítica y guía práctica. 2ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier-Masson; 2013 (digital 2013).
  7. Luis MT. Enfermería Clínica. Cuidados enfermeros a las personas con transtornos de Salud. Barcelona:Wolters Klumer, 2015.
  8. Marriner-Tomey A, Raile M. Modelos y Teorías en enfermería. 6ª ed, Madrid: Elsevier; 2007.
  9. Moorhead S, Johnson M, Maas M. Clasificación de resultados de enfermería (NOC). 4ª ed. Madrid: Elsevier; 2019 (digital 2019).
  10. Nanda Internacional. Diagnósticos enfermeros. Definiciones y clasifiación 2018-2020. Madrid:Elsevier; 2019.
  11. Rifà R, Olivé C, Lamoglia M. Lenguaje NIC para el aprendizaje teórico-práctico en enfermería.Barcelona:Elsevier; 2012 (digital 2020).
  12. Tellez S, García M. Modelos decuidados en enfermería NANDA, NIC y NOC. México DF: Mc Graw-Hill Interamericana; 2012 (digital 2015)

Pàgines web d'interès:

NANDA International [sede web]. Disponible a www.nanda.org

Guiasalud.es (SNS) https://portal.guiasalud.es/gpc/?_sfm_wpcf-estado=1

ICS. http://ics.gencat.cat/ca/assistencia/coneixement-assistencial/guies-de-practica-clinica/

ICS. http://ics.gencat.cat/ca/assistencia/cures-infermeres/cures-atencio-primaria/procediments-dinfermeria-a-latencio-primaria/

Fisterra. https://www.fisterra.com/guias-clinicas/

 

ETICAL BASES OF NURSING (BE):

  1. Antón Almara P. Ética y legislación en enfermería. Barcelona: Masson; 2000.
  2. Cortina A, Torralba MJ, Zurgasti J. Ética y legislación en enfermería: análisis sobre la reponsabilidad profesional. Madrid: Mc Graw-Hill/ Interamericana de España; 2000.
  3. Davis AJ, Tschudin V, de Raeve L. Ética en enfermería: conceptos fudnamentales de su enseñanza. Madrid: Triacastela; 2009.
  4. Fry ST, Johnstone MJ. Ética en la práctica de enfermería: una guía para la toma de decisiones éticas. México: Manual Moderno; 2010.
  5. Gafo, J. Ética y legislación en enfermería. Madrid: Universitas; 1994.

  6. Ramos-Pozón S. Bioética: una reflexión necesaria para tomar decisiones cruciales. Barcelona: Plataforma editori. 2018

  7. Johnstone MJ. Bioethics. A nursing perspective, 7 th edition. Australia: Elsevier, 2019
  8. Domínguez C, Kohlen H, Tronto J. El futuro del cuidado. Comprensión de laética del cuidado y práctica enfermera. Ediciones San Juan de Dios: Barcelona, 2018.

Articles:

Gaitán Zamora MA, Hernán Vicco M. Objeción de conciencia como necesidad legal: una mirada desde el aborto. Revista Bioética. 2019;27(3):528-34.

Pesut B, Greig M, Thorne S, Storch J, Burgess M, Tishelman C, et al. Nursing and euthanasia: A narrative review of the nursing ethics literature. Nurs Ethics. 2020;27(1):152-67.

 

Websides of interest:

Abedis Donabedian. Instituto Universitario UAB [sede web] Barcelona:fadq.org. Disponible en: www.fadq.org

Col.legi Oficial Infermeres i Infermers de Barcelona [sede web]. Disponible en: www.coib.cat

Fundació Victor Grífols i Lucas [sede web]. 2009.Disponible en: fundaciongrifols.org

Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Salut [sede web]. Disponible en: www.gencat.cat

Institut Borja de Bioètica [sede web]. Disponible en: www. ibbioetica.org/es


Software

No specific program is needed.