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2022/2023

Ethical and Methodological Bases of Nursing

Code: 106107 ECTS Credits: 6
Degree Type Year Semester
2500891 Nursing OB 1 2

Contact

Name:
Antonia Arreciado Maraņon
Email:
antonia.arreciado@uab.cat

Use of Languages

Principal working language:
catalan (cat)
Some groups entirely in English:
No
Some groups entirely in Catalan:
Yes
Some groups entirely in Spanish:
No

Teachers

Miguel Jimenez Pera
Sergio Martinez Morato

External teachers

Pendent

Prerequisites

There are no specific prerequisites.

Objectives and Contextualisation

Methodological Basis of Nursing is a 6 ECTS credits’ subject. As set out in the general guidelines of the Nursing Basis it is considered as a compulsory subject in order to obtain the Degree in Nursing of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

In this subject, the ethics and methodological basis of nursing profession is used as an essential tool in order to provide quality nursing care. In a context like the current one, with constant transformations and influenced by diverse and changing factors, it is necessary to train future professionals in a systematic work methodology that allows them to solve problems within their competence field. In the professional care field, students must learn how to work with standardized and computerized cures and done safely, it requires the mastery of nursing methodology principles and/or nursing care procedures. The development of this practice is carried out within a specific social environment and within the framework of a health system based on principles, values and social and legal norms which interact with the user and the professional values. Values than in the everyday activity in the decision making about health care, can collide and present conflicts that give rise to some ethical dilemmas.

The subject’s training objectives are the following:

  • Know the process of nursing care in order to use it later in clinical practice.
  • Acquire skills to apply the scientific method in nursing interventions.
  • Know the obligations and responsibilities that affect the professional practice of nursing.
  • Critical thinking skills acquisition, necessary for a safe and effective professional performance.
  • Demonstrate the ability to apply a critical analysis and a rigorous assessment of care situations in order to help the user and / or family to adopt the most appropriate behavior to achieve their well-being based on their own knowledge and the application ethical principles, and especially respecting the rights human as well as userrights.

Competences

  • "Demonstrate an understanding of people without prejudice: consider physical, psychological and social aspects, as independent individuals; ensure that their opinions, values and beliefs are respected and guarantee their right to privacy, through trust and professional secrecy."
  • Apply the main foundations and theoretical and methodological principles of nursing.
  • Base nursing interventions on scientific evidence and the available media.
  • Demonstrate knowledge of the ethical and deontological code of Spanish nursing and what is understood by ethical health implications in a changing world context.
  • Design systems for curing aimed at people, families or groups and evaluate their impact, making any necessary changes.
  • Develop critical thinking and reasoning and communicate ideas effectively, both in the mother tongue and in other languages.
  • Generate innovative and competitive proposals for research and professional activities.
  • Promote and respect the right to participation, information, autonomy and informed consent in decision-making by the patient, in accordance with the way they are experiencing the health-illness process.
  • Respect diversity in ideas, people and situations.
  • Students must have and understand knowledge of an area of study built on the basis of general secondary education, and while it relies on some advanced textbooks it also includes some aspects coming from the forefront of its field of study.
  • Use scientific methodology in interventions.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Acquire and use the necessary instruments for developing a critical and reflective attitude.
  2. Analyse gender inequalities and the factors on which they are base from in different systems: family system, parents, economic, political, symbolism and educational systems.
  3. Analyse situations of nursing care relating to ethical approaches.
  4. Analyse the ethical deontological code of nursing as well as the current legislation referring to health care.
  5. Analyse the problems, prejudices and discrimination in the short and long term in relation to certain people or groups.
  6. Apply scientific evidence in the planning and practice of nursing care.
  7. Critically analyse the principles and values that regulate the exercising of the nursing profession.
  8. Demonstrate the importance of confidentiality, intimacy and professional secrecy in nursing care.
  9. Describe the deontological code of nursing.
  10. Describe the ethical principles involved in nursing research.
  11. Describe the processes for promoting participation and autonomy of the patient in taking decisions during their process of health and illness.
  12. Describe the rights and responsibilities of users of the health services.
  13. Develop skills for the application of the scientific method in nursing interventions.
  14. Explain the concepts of professional deontology, bioethics, fundaments of law and Spanish legislation in relation to the area of health.
  15. Explain the ethical principles and the bases of informed consent.
  16. Identify measures to ensure respect for opinions, beliefs and values without making judgments of value.
  17. Identify nursing care actions that respect the principles of ethical responsibility, fundamental rights and responsibilities, diversity and democratic values.
  18. Identify the criteria for adequate results for nursing problems detected.
  19. Identify the different stages of the nursing process and its specific application as a response to people with changing health. 
  20. Identify the psychosocial components of individuals and their beliefs which identify them as autonomous and independent individuals throughout their life cycles.
  21. Identify the standardised language and taxonomies of nursing that are most used in relation to nursing diagnoses, results criteria and interventions.
  22. Indicate the necessary interventions to show comprehension and respect towards the person as a autonomous and independent individual.
  23. Recognise the fundamental rights of the individual based on the deontological code of nursing.
  24. Reflect on the right to information and participation ensuring autonomy of decision-making and the confidentiality of information.
  25. Solve nursing problems and problems of cooperation using clinical notes, nursing diagnoses and criteria for the desired results (according to the chosen paradigm).
  26. Students must have and understand knowledge of an area of study built on the basis of general secondary education, and while it relies on some advanced textbooks it also includes some aspects coming from the forefront of its field of study.

Content

  • Scientific Methodology in Nursing: Nursing Care Process (PAI)

What is PAI and what are its phases?

Benefits of PAI praxis.

What is critical thinking and how to get to think critically.

PAI and nursing models. Conceptual model of Virginia Henderson. Concepts’ review.

 

  • Stages of the Nursing Care Process

1. Assessment

Definition and how to make an assessment. Phases:

- Data collection.

- Data validation.

- Data organization.

- Report and registration of data.

2. Diagnosis.

Application of critical thinking and data interpretation to identify the problem and formulate the diagnosis. We will distinguish between:

- Nursing diagnosis.

- Autonomy problems.

- Collaboration problems.

3. Planning.

Definition and how to complete a plan.

- Set priorities

- Establish objectives. Characteristics of the objectives.

- Decide interventions / activities: types and characteristics.

4. Execution.

Definition and how to complete the Nursing care execution.

- Preparation for execution

- Accomplishment

- Registration

5. Evaluation.

Definition and purpose of the evaluation process.

How to evaluate the results criteria and the nursing interventions.

Continuous evaluation of the nursing care process until resolution.

 

  • Standard and individual care plans. Guidelines for clinical practice, protocols and procedures.

 

  • Ethical principles of the nursing profession

Principles of Bioethics, values and attitudes, and its application in the nursing profession.

Reference documents in bioethics: Universal Declaration of the Human Rights, Belmont Report, Helsinki Declaration, etc.

Functions of the Assistance Ethics Committee.

 

  • Occupational Skills and Codes of Ethics.

Ethical Code of Nursing:

Review of the deontological codes of the College of Barcelona and the International Council of Nursing (CIE).

The nursing professional and the practice of the profession: Special situations, ethical dilemmas.

 

  • Legislation within the health field

 General Law of Health and Law of Sanitary Regulation of Catalonia.

 

  • Rights and obligations of healthcare users in Catalonia. Legal background and current laws regarding:

Information about one's own health / process of dying with dignity.

The privacy and confidentiality of the data Informed consent

The clinical history

Methodology

Mixed methodology.

Theory.

This teaching typology has the purpose of providing students with the necessary knowledge and skills in order to elaborate and carry out the nursing care process as well as working in a practical way on the ethical apects involved in different situations of professional life.

Theory sessions are based on interactive work between the teacher and students. In this sense, during the sessions, different aspects combined:

a) Teaching given by the professor

b) Exercises of reflection and practices to carry out in the clasroom

The active participation of the student in the proposed activities is imperative.

Specialized Seminars (SESP).

Based on the knowledge and skills acquired in the whole group theory sessions, students will work on in a practical way and in small groups, all the phases of the nursing methodology. The final result will be the elaboration of a complete nursing care process based on a proposed clinical case.

Specialized seminars are planned to be worked in groups of 20-25 students. Groups will be defined by the subject coordinator at the beginning of the academic year and students will be informed through the subject’s Moodle. 

Attending seminars is mandatory. Non-attendance affects the final mark negatively.

Individualized tutorials.

Specific tutorials can be arranged by contacting the teacher by email.

Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Activities

Title Hours ECTS Learning Outcomes
Type: Directed      
SPECIALICED SEMINARS 24.5 0.98 1, 7, 2, 5, 3, 6, 13, 21, 17, 19, 16, 20, 22, 24, 25
THEORY 25 1 1, 4, 8, 12, 11, 9, 14, 15, 10, 20, 21, 17, 19, 16, 22, 26, 23
Type: Autonomous      
PREPARATION OF WRITTEN WORKS/SELF-STUDY / READING ARTICLES / REPORTS OF INTEREST 90.5 3.62 1, 3, 6, 11, 13, 20, 21, 17, 19, 16, 22, 24

Assessment

Theory:

Written Evaluation: Objective tests.

Corresponds to 50% of the final mark.

Its objective is to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge of the subject worked on in the theoretical sessions and it will be done at the end of them. This written evaluation will consist of open questions of short answer and / or questions with multiple choice (test type). In the multiple-choice test, questions will include 4 options of answer. Wrong answers substract points according to the following formula: x = correct- (wrong/n-1) where n is the number of answer options.

Students must get a minimum score of 5 to make the weighted average.

Seminars:

Evaluation through case studies and problem solving: preparation and written delivery.

It accounts for 25% of the final mark.

Elaboration and delivery of a Nursing Care Process based on proposed cases

Evaluation through case studies and problem solving: presentation and oral defense.

It accounts for 25% of the final mark.

Oral presentation and defense of the Nursing Care Process presented and of de works and cases with ethics parts.

The evaluations are carried out through the headings prepared for this purpose and uploaded to Moodle at the beginning of the seminars.

Attendance to the seminars is mandatory. For each lack of attendance to a seminar there will be a reduction of 1 point of the seminars’ final mark. If a student misses 4 or more seminars, he / she will be excluded from the team work and marked as Non-Evaluable for the seminars.

OBTAINING THE FINAL QUALIFICATION

The subject’s final grade is the addition of the marks obtained onall proposed evaluations. The requirement to be able to do this addition is:

Obtain a minimum score of 5 points out of 10 in the Written evaluation through objective tests that represents 50% of the mark.

Students who do not take any or none of the assessment tests (the Written evaluation through objective tests that represents 50% of the grade or oral presentations), who do not submit the required written work in the seminars/or accumulate 3 or more lack of attendance to the Specialized Seminars will be marked as Non-Evaluable. If necessary, a non-evaluable will have the numerical equivalence of zero.

Students who have not passed the subject by means of the continuous assessment may submit to a retake exam. To participate in the retake exam, students must have been previously evaluated in activities which have a weight equal to a minimum of two thirds of the subject’s final mark (article 112 of the UAB evaluation regulation).

Students have the right to review the evaluation tests. For that purpose, the date will be specified on the virtual campus.

According to agreement 4.4 of the UAB’s Board of Governors 17/11/2010 of the evaluation’s regulations, the qualifications will be:

From 0 to 4.9 = Fail

From 5.0 to 6.9 = Pass

From 7.0 to 8.9 = Good

From 9.0 to 10 = Excellent

When students do not attend any of the planned assessment activities = Non-Evaluable.

The eventual treatment of particular cases will be studied in a teaching commission created for this purpose.

Assessment Activities

Title Weighting Hours ECTS Learning Outcomes
Evaluation through case studies and problem solving: preparation and written delivery 30% 4 0.16 1, 7, 2, 5, 3, 6, 8, 13, 18, 20, 21, 17, 19, 16, 22, 24, 25
Evaluation through case studies and problem solving: presentation and oral defense 20% 3 0.12 1, 7, 4, 3, 6, 8, 13, 16, 24, 25
Written Evaluation through Objective tests 50% 3 0.12 1, 7, 8, 12, 11, 9, 14, 15, 10, 20, 21, 17, 19, 16, 22, 26, 23

Bibliography

Methodological Basis:

  1. Alfaro R. Pensamiento crítico y juicio clínico en enfermería: un enfoque práctico para un pensamiento centrado en los resultados. 4ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier;2009.
  2. Alfaro R. Aplicación del proceso enfermero: fomentar el cuidado en colaboración. 5ª ed. Barcelona: Masson; 2003.
  3. Bulechek G, Butcher H, McCloskey J. Clasificación de intervenciones de enfermería (NIC). 7ª ed. Madrid: Elsevier; 2019 (digital 2919).
  4. Johnson M, Moorhead S, Bulechek G, Butcher H, Maas M, Swanson E. Vínculos de NOC y NIC a NANDA-I y diagnósticos médicos. Soporte para el razonamiento crítico y la calidad de los cuidados. 3ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier;2018 (digital 2018).
  5. Luis MT, Fernández C, Navarro MV, De la teoría a la práctica: el pensamiento de Virginia Henderson en el siglo XXI. 2ªed. Barcelona: Masson; 2005.
  6. Luis MT. Los diagnósticos enfermeros: revisión crítica y guía práctica. 2ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier-Masson; 2013 (digital 2013).
  7. Luis MT. Enfermería Clínica. Cuidados enfermeros a las personas con transtornos de Salud. Barcelona:Wolters Klumer, 2015.
  8. Marriner-Tomey A, Raile M. Modelos y Teorías en enfermería. 6ª ed, Madrid: Elsevier; 2007.
  9. Moorhead S, Johnson M, Maas M. Clasificación de resultados de enfermería (NOC). 4ª ed. Madrid: Elsevier; 2019 (digital 2019).
  10. Nanda Internacional. Diagnósticos enfermeros. Definiciones y clasifiación 2018-2020. Madrid:Elsevier; 2019.
  11. Rifà R, Olivé C, Lamoglia M. Lenguaje NIC para el aprendizaje teórico-práctico en enfermería.Barcelona:Elsevier; 2012 (digital 2020).
  12. Tellez S, García M. Modelos de cuidados en enfermería NANDA, NIC y NOC. México DF: Mc Graw-Hill Interamericana; 2012 (digital 2015)

Ethical Basis:

  1. Antón Almara P. Ética y legislación en enfermería. Barcelona: Masson; 2000.
  2. Cortina A, Torralba MJ, Zurgasti J. Ética y legislación en enfermería: análisis sobre la reponsabilidad profesional. Madrid: Mc Graw-Hill/ Interamericana de España; 2000.
  3. Davis AJ, Tschudin V, de Raeve L. Ética en enfermería: conceptos fudnamentales de su enseñanza. Madrid: Triacastela; 2009.
  4. Fry ST, Johnstone MJ. Ética en la práctica de enfermería: una guía para la toma de decisiones éticas. México: Manual Moderno; 2010.
  5. Gafo, J. Ética y legislación en enfermería. Madrid: Universitas; 1994.

Websides of interest:

NANDA International [sede web]. Disponible a www.nanda.org

Antón Almara P. Ética y legislación en enfermería. Barcelona: Masson; 2000.

Ayuso Murillo D, Grande Sellera RF. La gestión de enfermería y los servicios generales en las organizaciones sanitarias. Madrid: Diaz de Santos; 2006

Abedis Donabedian. Instituto Universitario UAB [sede web] Barcelona:fadq.org. Disponible en: www.fadq.org

Col.legi Oficial Infermeres i Infermers de Barcelona [sede web]. Disponible en: www.coib.cat

Fundació Victor Grífols i Lucas [sede web]. 2009.Disponible en: fundaciongrifols.org

Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Salut [sede web]. Disponible en: www.gencat.cat

Institut Borja de Bioètica [sede web]. Disponible en: www. ibbioetica.org/es

Software

No specific program is needed.