Degree | Type | Year | Semester |
---|---|---|---|
2500890 Genetics | OB | 2 | 1 |
Knowledge required:
1. To understand the basics of the first-year subjects "Cell Biology and Histology" and "Genetics".
2. To understand specific aspects of these subjects: Mendelian principles, chromosomal theory of inheritance, the flow of genetic information, the cell cycle, and mechanisms of cell division.
3. To have a medium English level.
4. To use basic informatics tools.
Cytogenetics is a hybrid discipline that draws on concepts of Cell Biology and Genetics. The convergence of concepts from these areas has contributed to the development of a modern and dynamic discipline that has as a main objective the study of the eukaryote chromosome.
The progress of this discipline has been characterized by the application of conventional and modern techniques, as well as a continuous dialogue between the development of new methods and the formulation of new hypotheses. This has significantly improved the understanding of the chromosome, providing a dynamic conception of this cell structure and developing to the limits the structure-function binomial. In recent years, the consolidation of Cytogenetics has resulted in an alive discipline with significant social repercussions.
In this context, the specific objectives of the subject are:
1. To offer a comprehensive view of the structure and behavior of chromosomes to understand how chromosomes guarantee the preservation of genetic information, its transmission, and expression.
2. To study chromosome variations, from their mechanisms of origin to their genetic consequences.
Moreover, practical training in Integrated Laboratory III will complement the knowledge acquired in this subject.
SYLLABUS 2022-2023
PART I: ORGANIZATION OF HEREDITARY MATERIAL IN HIGHER EUCARYOTES
Chapter 1. General overview
Chapter 2. The eukaryotic chromosome
PART II: CHROMOSOMES AND CELL DIVISION
Chapter 3. Mitotic cell division
Chapter 4. Meiotic cell division
PART III: SPECIALIZED CHROMOSOMES
Chapter 5. Adaptational forms of chromosomes
Chapter 6. Permanently specialized chromosomes
PART IV: TECHNIQUES FOR CHROMOSOME IDENTIFICATION AND CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS
Chapter 7. Basic principles of the cytogenetic laboratory techniques
Chapter 8. Chromosomal identification techniques
PART V: GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ANOMALIES
Chapter 9. Alterations of the karyotype
Chapter 10. Structural chromosome anomalies
Chapter 11. Numerical chromosome anomalies
Chapter 12. Epigenetic anomalies
Theory classes
The content of the syllabus will be explained by the teacher in the form of lectures, with the appropriate audio-visual support and encouraging the active participation of students through reciprocal questions. This teaching methodology will be applied in 32 sessions of 50 minutes.
The tables, figures, and graphics used in class will be available in *pdf format on Moodle. Students may also consult on this platform the videos, animations, and websites used in class.
To consolidate the content explained in class, students will be requested to regularly consult books and review articles selected by the teacher. The articles will be available on Moodle in *pdf format.
Problem-solving classes
This learning methodology has the following objectives:
Students will be divided into two groups. Students must consult which group they belong to and attend classes in the assigned group. There are 7 sessions of 50 minutes of duration programmed during the course. Within each group, students will be organized into groups of four people. The methodology applied to the classroom will consist of the following phases:
The qualification obtained in the Problem-solving activity will be the same for all the members of the group and will contribute to the final qualification of the subject.
Seminar classes
Among the competencies provided by the subject, and taking into account the characteristics of the Degree and the students to whom it is addressed, it has been considered appropriate to incorporate a competence related to the acquisition of the skills necessary for the understanding and interpretation of scientific publications. This is the basic objective of seminars. In this sense, this activity consists of a discussion by means of an oral and a written presentation of a research paper. The seminars will extend and consolidate different aspects treated in the theory and practice sessions (Integrated Laboratory III) through the active participation of the students.
For the preparation of the Seminars, the students will be organized as well as for the Problem-solving classes. Each group of students will complete 3 sessions of 50 minutes during the course. The methodology applied in the classroom will consist of the following phases:
Working groups can give the presentation in English.
The qualification obtained will be the same for all the members of the group and will contribute to the final qualification of the subject.
Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.
Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|
Type: Directed | |||
Problem solving | 7 | 0.28 | 3, 2, 4, 8, 12, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 7, 6, 20 |
Seminar | 3 | 0.12 | 4, 8, 12, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 7, 6, 20 |
Theory | 32 | 1.28 | 2, 4, 5, 9, 8, 12, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 |
Type: Autonomous | |||
Problem solving | 30 | 1.2 | 3, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 7, 6, 20 |
Seminar: oral presentation | 15 | 0.6 | 4, 8, 10, 12, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 7, 6, 20 |
Seminar: written presentation | 15 | 0.6 | 4, 8, 10, 12, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 7, 6, 20 |
Study | 43 | 1.72 | 2, 4, 9, 8, 10, 12, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 6, 20 |
To pass the subject student must obtain a final mark equal to or greater than 5 points out of 10 based on the contributions of the different activities performed during the course. Moreover, students must obtain a minimum score of 4 points of the mean of the two written exams.
Students who do not reach the minimum qualification are eligible for the retake process, which will consist of a written exam (equivalent to those established by the partial tests). To participate in the retake process students should have been previously evaluated in a set of activities equaling at least two-thirds of the final score of the course. Otherwise, students will obtain a qualification of non-evaluable.
Assessment activities:
Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Problem solving | 20 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 1, 19, 18, 3, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 7, 6, 20 |
Seminar oral and written presentation | 10 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 1, 19, 18, 4, 8, 10, 12, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 7, 6, 20 |
Written exam I | 35 | 2 | 0.08 | 2, 4, 5, 9, 8, 10, 12, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 6, 20 |
Written exam II | 35 | 2 | 0.08 | 2, 4, 5, 9, 8, 10, 12, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 6, 20 |
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K and Walter P (2017) Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition. Garland Publishing, New York.
Free online book resource:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=mboc4.TOC&depth=2
Bickmore W (1999) Chromosome Structural Analysis; A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Bickmore W and Craig J (1997) Chromosome bands: Patterns in the genome. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York.
Gardner RJM and Sutherland GR (2018) Chromosome Abnormalities and Genetic Counseling, 5th Edition. Oxford University Press. Oxford.
Holmquist GP and Motara MA (1987) The magic of cytogenetic technology. In Cytogenetics. Obe G and Basler A Editors. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
King M (1993) Species evolution. The role of chromosome change. Cambridge University Press.
Lacadena JR (1996) Citogenética. Editorial Complutense SA, Madrid.
Lodish H, Scott MP, Matsudaira P, Darnell J, Zipursky L, Kaiser CA, Berk A and Krieger M (2016) Molecular Cell Biology Eighth. WH Freeman Publishers, New York.
Lynch M (2007) The Origins of Genome Architecture. Sinauer Associates Inc.
Rooney DE (2002) Human Cytogenetics: Constitutional Analysis. 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press. Oxford.
Singh RJ (2002) Plant cytogenetics. CRC Press.
Solari AJ. (2011) Genética Humana. Fundamentos y Aplicaciones en Medicina. 4ª edición. Médica Panamericana. Buenos Aires.
Sumner AT (2003) Chromosomes: Organization and Function. Blackwell Publishing.
Sybenga J (1975) General Cytogenetics. North-Holland Publishing Company. Amsterdam.
Sybenga J (1975) Meiotic Configurations. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. New York.
Tost J (2007) Epigenetics. Caister Academic Press.
Turner J (2007) Meiosis. Chromosome research 15. Special issue (5). Springer.
Vogelstein B and Kinzler KW (2002) The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer. 2nd Edition. Graw-Hill Professional. New York.
Warshawsky D and Landolph JR. (2006). Molecular Carcinogenesis and the Molecular Biology.
To consult the teaching material provided by the teaching staff, students must have programs that allow opening documents in pdf format.