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2021/2022

Human Anatomy: Locomotor System

Code: 101935 ECTS Credits: 6
Degree Type Year Semester
2501230 Biomedical Sciences FB 1 2
The proposed teaching and assessment methodology that appear in the guide may be subject to changes as a result of the restrictions to face-to-face class attendance imposed by the health authorities.

Contact

Name:
Alfonso Rodríguez Baeza
Email:
Alfonso.Rodriguez@uab.cat

Use of Languages

Principal working language:
spanish (spa)
Some groups entirely in English:
No
Some groups entirely in Catalan:
No
Some groups entirely in Spanish:
No

Teachers

Mario Roberto Bueno Gallegos
Alejandro Fernandez Leon
María Luisa Ortega Sánchez

Prerequisites

Although there are no prerequisites established officially, it is advisable that the student has achieved basic competencies for self-learning, working in groups and pre-college Biology. Because the student will do practices in the dissection/osteotheca labs, he will acquire the commitment to preserve the confidentiality and professional secrecy of the data to which they can access. Also, is necessary have taken the “good practice test” and must agree in maintaining an attitude of professional ethics throughout all his actions.

Objectives and Contextualisation

It is a basic subject, scheduled in the second semester of the first year of the Degree in Biomedical Sciences. The objectives are the study of the general anatomical organization of the human body, the principles of the initial embryonic development and the locomotor system, as well as the study of the descriptive and topographic anatomy of the trunk and head, of the upper and lower limbs, and the descriptive and topographic anatomy of the cardiovascular system. This subject has its natural continuation in the second year, in the subjects Human Anatomy: internal organs, Structure and Function of the Nervous System and in Biology of Development and Teratogenesis. The student who approves this course must be able to describe, with international anatomical nomenclature, and recognize the anatomical structures that make up the different parts of the locomotor system and the cardiovascular system in health, as well as to describe the principles of embryonic development, normal and locomotor system, in order to understand their alterations.

Competences

  • Act with ethical responsibility and respect for fundamental rights and duties, diversity and democratic values.
  • Apply knowledge acquired to the planning and implementation of research, development and innovation projects in a biomedical research laboratory, a clinical department laboratory or the biomedical industry.
  • Describe biomedical problems in terms of causes, mechanisms and treatments.
  • Display knowledge of the bases and elements applicable to the development and validation of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.
  • Display knowledge of the basic life processes on several levels of organisation: molecular, cellular, tissues, organs, individual and populations.
  • Display knowledge of the concepts and language of biomedical sciences in order to follow biomedical literature correctly.
  • Make changes to methods and processes in the area of knowledge in order to provide innovative responses to society's needs and demands.
  • Read and critically analyse original and review papers on biomedical issues and assess and choose the appropriate methodological descriptions for biomedical laboratory research work.
  • Students must be capable of applying their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional way and they should have building arguments and problem resolution skills within their area of study.
  • Students must be capable of collecting and interpreting relevant data (usually within their area of study) in order to make statements that reflect social, scientific or ethical relevant issues.
  • Students must be capable of communicating information, ideas, problems and solutions to both specialised and non-specialised audiences.
  • Students must develop the necessary learning skills to undertake further training with a high degree of autonomy.
  • Students must have and understand knowledge of an area of study built on the basis of general secondary education, and while it relies on some advanced textbooks it also includes some aspects coming from the forefront of its field of study.
  • Take account of social, economic and environmental impacts when operating within one's own area of knowledge.
  • Work as part of a group with members of other professions, understanding their viewpoint and establishing a constructive collaboration.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Act with ethical responsibility and respect for fundamental rights and duties, diversity and democratic values.
  2. Apply acquired knowledge of anatomy to the production of well-structured review articles.
  3. Correctly use the international anatomical nomenclature.
  4. Describe the anatomical organisation of the cardiovascular system.
  5. Describe the anatomical organisation of the musculoskeletal system.
  6. Describe the general anatomical organisation of the systems of the human body in a healthy state.
  7. Distinguish between normal anatomical structures by using different imaging diagnostic techniques.
  8. Explain the formation of the cardiovascular system and of its principal disorders.
  9. Explain the formation of the embryonic disc and its principal derivatives.
  10. Explain the formation of the musculoskeletal system and of its principal disorders.
  11. Identify the anatomical structures that constitute the different systems in a healthy state in the main stages in an individual's life cycle.
  12. Identify the principal techniques used in an anatomy laboratory.
  13. Make changes to methods and processes in the area of knowledge in order to provide innovative responses to society's needs and demands.
  14. Students must be capable of applying their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional way and they should have building arguments and problem resolution skills within their area of study.
  15. Students must be capable of collecting and interpreting relevant data (usually within their area of study) in order to make statements that reflect social, scientific or ethical relevant issues.
  16. Students must be capable of communicating information, ideas, problems and solutions to both specialised and non-specialised audiences.
  17. Students must develop the necessary learning skills to undertake further training with a high degree of autonomy.
  18. Students must have and understand knowledge of an area of study built on the basis of general secondary education, and while it relies on some advanced textbooks it also includes some aspects coming from the forefront of its field of study.
  19. Take account of social, economic and environmental impacts when operating within one's own area of knowledge.
  20. Work as part of a group with members of other professions, understanding their viewpoint and establishing a constructive collaboration.

Content

CONTENTS:


THEORETICAL CLASSES (TE typology) (37 hours).

UNIT 1: GENERAL ANATOMY. Terms of position and direction. International Anatomical terminology. General anatomical organization of the human body.

UNIT 2: GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY and PRINCIPLES OF THE LOCOMOTOR DEVELOPMENTAL. Zygote, morula and blastula. Gastrulation: formation of the definitive embryonic leaves and their main derivatives. Principles of the development of the locomotor system.

UNIT 3: ANATOMY OF THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM: UPPER LIMB. General organization of the upper limb. Joints and muscles of the shoulder girdle. Elbow joint and muscles of the arm. Topographic anatomy of the shoulder and arm girdle. Wrist and hand joints. Muscles of the forearm and hand. Topographic anatomy of the forearm and hand. Vessels and nerves of the upper limb.

UNIT 4: ANATOMY OF THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM: TRUNK. SPINE. General organization. Joints of the spine: syndesmosis (ligaments), synchondrosis (intervertebral disc) and synovial (zygapophyseal). Craniovertebral joints. Muscles of the trunk: classification. Short and long muscles of the medial tract. Short and long muscles of the lateral tract. Prevertebral muscles. Overview of the spine's movements. CHEST. General organization. Joints of the thorax: synchondrosis and synovial. Muscles of the chest: supracostals, intercostals, subcostals, posterior serratus, triangular of the sternum and diaphragm muscles. Overview of the mechanical breathing.
ABDOMEN. General organization. Muscles of the abdomen: rectus, obliquus and transverse. Posterior muscles: psoas and quadratus lumbar. Fascia transversalis. Inguinal canal. PELVIS. General organization. Joints and ligaments of the pelvis: sacroiliac and symphysis. Pelvic cavity as a whole. PERINEUM. General organization. Fasciae and muscles of the perineum.

UNIT 5: ANATOMY OF THELOCOMOTOR SYSTEM: LOWER LIMB. General organization of the lower limb. Hip joint and muscles of the hip. Knee joint and thigh muscles. Topographic anatomy of the pelvic girdle and thigh. Foot and ankle joints. Muscles of the leg and foot. Topographic anatomy of the leg and foot. Vessels and nerves of the lower limb.

UNIT 6: ANATOMY OF THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM: HEAD AND NECK. General organization of the head. Views and cranial fossae. Internal base of the skull. Orbital and Nasal Cavities. Articulations of the skull: syndesmosis, synchondrosis and synovial (temporomandibular). Muscles of the face and the chewing. General organization of the neck: compartments and fasciae. Muscles of the neck: scalenus, infrahyoids and craniozonals (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius). Cervical plexus

UNIT 7: ANATOMY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. General organization. Pulmonary and Systemic circulation. Anatomy of the heart: external and internal morphologies. Heart vessels and nerves. Pericardium. Pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins. Artery aorta: ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta. Iliac arteries. Subclavian arteries. Carotid arteries. Superior vena cava system. Inferior vena cava system. Venous intercaval systems. Lymphatic system.

 

SEMINARS (SEM typology) (6 hours per student) (didactic material in Virtual Campus of UAB, see seminar regulations).

Seminar 1: osteology of the upper limb
Seminar 2: osteology of the trunk (1): spine
Seminar 3: osteology of the trunk (2): thorax and pelvis
Seminar 4: osteology of the lower limb
Seminar 5: osteology of the head (1)
Seminar 6: osteology of the head (2)


LABORATORY PRACTICES (in dissection room) (PLAB typology) (12 hours per student). To access at the dissection room, it is COMPULSORY to wear a gown and gloves, and have taken the good practice test. It is NOT allowed totake photographs and/ or videos in the dissection room.

Practice 1: Identify, in anatomical preparations, the structures (joints, muscles, vessels, nerves) of the upper limb and the trunk.
Practice 2: Identify, in anatomical preparations, the structures (joints, muscles, vessels, nerves) of the pelvis, perineum, abdomen and the lower limb.
Practice 3: Identify, in anatomical preparations, the heart and the vascular system (arteries, veins). Identify, in anatomical preparations, muscles, vessels and nerves of head and neck.

Methodology

METHODOLOGY

Directed activities

Classes to teach the theory program (TE) (37h)

Seminars for bones study (SEM) (6h)

Dissection lab practices (PLAB) (12h)

Supervised activities

Personalized and/or group tutoring, face-to-face or virtual

Tutorials on line

Autonomous activities

Reading of texts and articles, study and creation of diagrams, summaries and conceptual assimilation of the contents. Preparation of seminars and dissection activities.

Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Activities

Title Hours ECTS Learning Outcomes
Type: Directed      
Laboratory practices (dissection lab) 12 0.48 5, 4, 7, 11, 12, 20, 3
Seminars (ostheology) 6 0.24 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 20, 3
Theory 37 1.48 5, 4, 6, 7, 10, 9, 8, 11, 12, 20, 3
Type: Supervised      
Virtual classes and tutorials 12.5 0.5 2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 10, 8, 11, 12, 3
Type: Autonomous      
Preparation of the written works, self-study, comprehensive reading 75 3 2, 5, 4, 7, 11, 12, 20, 3

Assessment

EVALUATION

PARTIAL EXAMS:

The competences will be evaluated through two partial exams, each one includes the following contents and with corresponding weight in the final score of the subject:

The first partial exam will consist of an objective test of the theoretical program (30% of the final score), an objective structured (practical exam) (10% of the final score) and an objective evaluation of the seminar program (5% of the final score).

The second partial exam will consist of an objective test of the theoretical program (30% of the final score), an objective structured (practical exam) (20% of the final score) and an objective evaluation of the seminar program (5% of the final score).

Format of each partial exam:

objective test type exam of the theory program: 30 questions with 4 answer options, only 1 valid, but the incorrect answers penalize 1/3 of a point.

structured objective evaluation (practical exam) of the dissection practice program: 10 questions in the first partial and 20 questions in the second partial related to structures indicated in anatomical preparations. Each answer is scored with 1 or 0 point, and answers or questions left blank do no penalize, but to have a score of 5.0 it is necessary to obtain 6 of the 10 points in the first partial and 12 of the 20 points in the second partial.

objective test type exam of the seminar program: 12 questions with 4 answer options, only 1 valid, but the incorrect answers penalize 1/3 of a point. To take this test it is necessary to have justified attendance at the face-to-face sessions of each seminars.    

To release the contents of each partial it is necessary to achieve a score equal or greater than 5.0, applying the following percentages and meeting the following requirements (without exceptions): objective test mark of the theory program x 0.6 + mark of practical exam x 0.3 + objective test mark of the seminar program x 0.1. Requirements: minimum score of 4.00 in the objective test of the theory program contents and not have a mark of 0.00 in the evaluation of the practical and / or seminars.

Calculation of the final grade for students who have released the two partial exams: mark of the theory program contents of the first partial x 0,3 + mark of the theory program contents of the second partial x 0,3 + mark of the dissection program contents of the first partial x 0,1 + mark of the dissection program contents of the second partial x 0,2 + mark of the seminar program contents of the first partial x 0,05 + mark of the seminar program contents of the second partial x 0.05.      

 

RECOVERY (FINAL) EXAM

Exam for students who have not achieved the sufficiency in one or both partial exams, and for students who wish to improve their score in one or both partial exams (including theory and practical program), renouncing the previously obtained mark.

According to the UAB evaluation regulations: "To participate in the recovery, students must have been previously evaluated in a set of activities, the weight of which is equals to a minimum of two thirds of the total qualification of the subject. Therefore, students will obtain the qualification of "Not evaluable" when the evaluation activities carried out have a weight lower than 67% in the final qualification".

The recovery exam will have the same structure (format, number of questions, etc..) and the same criteria and percentages established for each partial. Students who for any reason have not been evaluated for seminars, due to lack of attendance, have the option of taking a written test of 12 short answer questions in the final exam. Repeating students who have taken seminars in previous courses may request, within the established deadlines, the validation of this part, being exempted from attending.

 

The final mark of the subject will have a numerical expression, with a decimal, on the 0-10 scale and with the qualitative equivalence in accordance with the criteria of the UAB, fail, pass, good and merit (with the option of obtaining honour distinction if the mark is equal to or greater than 9,3).

Partials and/or recovery revisions: location and dates will be announced through the UAB Campus Virtual. The revision process will always be done in accordance with current UAB regulations.  

"The proposed evaluation may undergo some modification depending on the face.to-face restrictions imposed by health authorities".

Assessment Activities

Title Weighting Hours ECTS Learning Outcomes
Objective exam tipus test and/or short questions of contents of the seminars program 5% + 5% 1 0.04 2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 18, 17, 16, 14, 20, 3
Objective test (of the theoretical contents) 30% + 30% 4 0.16 1, 19, 2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 10, 9, 8, 11, 12, 13, 18, 17, 16, 14, 15, 3
Structured objective evaluation (practical exam) of the practical program contents 10% + 20% 2.5 0.1 1, 19, 5, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 17, 16, 14, 15, 20, 3

Bibliography

EMBRIOLOGY

Cochard, L.R. (2005) Netter - Atlas de Embriología humana. 1ª edición. Ed. Masson SA.

Moore, K.L., Persaud, T.V.N., Torchia, M.G. (2020) Embriología clínica. 11ª edición. Ed. Elsevier.

Sadler, T.W. (2019) Langman Embriología Médica. 14ª edición. Ed. Wolters Kluwer.

Webster, S., de Wreede, R. (2013) Embriología. Lo esencial de un vistazo. Ed. Médica Panamericana.

ANATOMY

Anastasi, G.; Gaudio, E.; Tacchetti, C. (2018) Anatomía humana - atlas - (editor de la edición en español: Alfonso Rodríguez Baeza). 3 volúmenes. 1ª edición. Ed. Edi-Ermes.

Anastasi, G.; Gaudio, E.; Tacchetti, C. (2020) Anatomía humana - atlas - (editor de la edición en español: Alfonso Rodríguez Baeza). 1 volumen. 1ª edición. Ed. Edi-Ermes.

Dauber, W. (2021) Feneis Nomenclatura anatómica ilustrada. 11ª edición. Ed. Elsevier.

Drake, R.L., Vogl, W., Mitchell, A.W.M. (2020) Gray - Anatomía para estudiantes. 4ª edición. Ed. Elsevier.

Drenckhahn, D., Waschke, J. (2010) Benninghoff y Drenckhahn - Compendio de Anatomía. 1ª edición. Ed. Médica Panamericana.

Gilroy, A.M., Mandri, A. (2020) Prometheus. Anatomía. Manual para el estudiante. 2ª edición. Ed. Médica Panamericana.

Gilroy, A.M., MacPherson, B.R., Ross, L.M. (2013) Prometheus Atlas de Anatomía. 2ª edición. Ed. Médica Panamericana.

Kamina, P. (2003) Anatomía general. Ed. Médica Panamericana.

Llusá, M., Merí, À., Ruano, D. (2004) Manual y Atlas fotográfico de Anatomía del aparato locomotor. 1ª edición. Ed. Médica Panamericana.

Moore, K.L., Dalley, A.F., Agur, A.M. (2018) Anatomía con orientación clínica. 8ª edición. Ed. Wolters Kluvers.

Netter, F.H. (2019) Atlas de Anatomía humana. 7ª edición. Ed. Elsevier.

Nielsen, M., Miller, S. (2012) Atlas de Anatomía Humana. 1ª edición. Ed. Médica Panamericana.

Paulsen, F. Waschke J. (2018) Sobotta Atlas de Anatomía Humana. 24ª edición. Ed. Elsevier.

Rohen, J.W., Yokochi, C., Lütjen-Drecoll, E. (2015) Atlas de Anatomía humana. 8ª edición. Ed. Elsevier Science.

Schünke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U. (2015) Prometheus - Texto y atlas de Anatomía. 3ª edición. Ed. Médica Panamericana.

Standring, S. (2021) Gray’s. Anatomy. The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 42th edition. Ed. Elsevier.

Waschke J, Koch M, Kurten S, Schulze-Tanzil G, Spittau B. (2018) Sobotta. Texto de Anatomía. 1ª edición. Ed. Elsevier.

Weber, E.D.; Vilensky, J.; Carmichael, S.W., Lee, K.S. (2015) Netter Anatomia Radiológica Esencial. 2ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. 

 

Campus Virtual de la UAB

Software

Is not necessary specific programari