Immunopathology
Code: 101929 ECTS Credits: 3| Degree | Type | Year | Semester |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2501230 Biomedical Sciences | OB | 3 | 1 |
Contact
- Name:
- Manuel Hernández González
- Email:
- Manuel.Hernandez@uab.cat
Use of Languages
- Principal working language:
- catalan (cat)
- Some groups entirely in English:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Catalan:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Spanish:
- No
Other comments on languages
Un % de les classes s'impartirà en anglèsTeachers
- Oscar de la Calle Martin
- Juan Francisco Delgado de la Poza
- Eva Maria Martinez Caceres
- Candido Juarez Rubio
- Manuel Hernández González
- Aina Teniente Serra
- Laura Martinez Martinez
- Bibiana Quirant Sanchez
- Maria Esther Moga Naranjo
- Mónica Martínez Gallo
External teachers
- Anaís Mariscal Rodríguez
- Germà Julià Agulló
- Iria Arrese Muñoz
- Janire Perurena Prieto
- Joan Climent Martí
- Laura Viñas Giménez
- Maite Sanz Martínez
- María Iglesias Escudero
- Silvia Vidal Alcorisa
Prerequisites
It is absolutely necessary to have adequeate knowledge of:
Cell Biology
Structure and Function of Biomolecules (Biochemistry I)
Human anatomy
Experimental methods in Biomedicine
Metabolism of Biomolecules (Biochemistry II)
Basic Immunology
Objectives and Contextualisation
1) To learn the role of the immune system in the following pathological processes:
- a. Infections
- b. Allergies and hypersensitivity disorders.
- c. Autoimmune diseases
- d. Primary and secondary immunodeficiencies
- e. Neoplasms and paraneoplastic diseases. Anti-tumor response
- f. Transplantation, rejection and graft versus host disease
2) To be familiar, understand and interpret diagnostic tests and studies that have clinical value for immune-mediated diseases.
3) To understand the mechanisms of action of immunology-based therapies, i.e., vaccines, immunosuppressive drugs, immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines and cellular immunotherapy.
Competences
- Display knowledge of the bases and elements applicable to the development and validation of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.
- Display knowledge of the concepts and language of biomedical sciences in order to follow biomedical literature correctly.
- Display theoretical and practical knowledge of the major molecular and cellular bases of human and animal pathologies.
Learning Outcomes
- Describe the principal mechanisms by which the immune system participates in pathology: immunodeficiencies, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity.
- Display practical skills in performing a diagnostic analysis in immunopathology.
- Identify the principal elements intervening in the immune response to infections and tumours, and in the situation of allogeneic transplant.
- Understand the scientific literature and the databases specialising in problems of immunology and immunopathology, and interpret the results of a scientific project.
Content
Immunopathology: a) the immune system as a cause of disease, main mechanisms; b) the immune system for the cure of diseases, main immunology-based therapies
Organized by Teaching Units (TU)*
TU1. Immune response and disease
Lectures
1 - Immune response in infectious diseases I. General aspects of the immune response and response to viral infections.
2 - Immune response in infectious diseases II. Immune response to bacteria, protozoa, fungi and helminthes. Emerging infections.
3 - Tolerance and autoimmunity. Concept of tolerance to self-antigens. General mechanisms of T cell and B-cell Tolerance. Sequestered antigens. Tolerance failures and disease.
4 - Autoimmunity. Concept. Epidemiology and classification. Main autoimmune diseases. Etiology. Mechanisms of tissue damage. Hypothesis of the multiple check-points.
5 - Allergy. Concepts of allergy and atopy. Basic mechanisms. Main allergic diseases. Diagnosis of allergic diseases.
6 - Immunodeficiencies. Types of immunodeficiencies. Deficiencies of cellular immunity. Deficiencies of humoral immunity. Deficiencies of natural immunity. Other immunodeficiencies.
S1 Immunopathology Seminar 1: animal models of autoimmune diseases.
S2 Immunopathology Seminar 2: proliferations of cells of the immune system and disease, presentation of a case of myeloma and of lymphoma.
TU2. Immune responses in special clinical situations
Lectures
7 - Transplantation. Types of transplantation. Immunological basis of organs, tissue and cell transplantation. Clinical manifestations of rejection. Non-specific immunosuppressive treatments. Main forms of clinical transplant. Immune tolerance to transplant.
8 - AIDS: the epidemic. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Mechanisms of infection. Natural history of the infection. The immune response to HIV. Perspectives for a vaccine.
9 - Tumor Immunology. Cancer biology and the immune response. Tumor antigens. How tumors avoid the immune response, concepts of immune surveillance and of immuno-editing. Immunotherapy of cancer, immunological check-points.
S3 Immunopathology Seminar 3: The problem of histocompatibility and its approach in the HLA typing laboratory.
S4 Immunopathology Seminar 4: Approaches in the diagnosis of immunodeficiencies and discussion of paradigmatic cases.
TU3. The laboratory of diagnostic immunology
S5 Immunopathology Seminar 5: The diagnostic process. The properties of the diagnostics tests, the test catalog. The quality system and regulations. Laboratory the accreditations. The laboratory of diagnostic immunology: contributions to disease prevention and diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
P1 Practical - demonstration 1: Diagnosis of plasma cell diseases in the laboratory. Demonstration of the techniques and interpretation of results.
P2 Practical - demonstration 2: Flow cytometry applied to diagnosis. Interpretation of the plots and results.
P3 Practical - demonstration 3: Use of indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Interpretation of the most frequent IFL patterns and their correspondence with the antigens recognized by ELISA and immunoblot.
P4 Practical - demonstration 4: HLA typing, methodologies and the quest for the best kidney and hematopoietic stem cell donors.
TU4. Therapies based on immunology
Lectures
10 - Immunotherapy I. General concepts. Vaccines, serum therapy, intravenous immunoglobulins.
11 - Immunotherapy II. Cytokines and anti-cytokines. Cell therapies, from transfusion to advanced cell therapies.
*Unless the requirements enforced by the health authorities demand a prioritizacion or reduction of these contents
Methodology
This subject is based on the concepts, skills and attitudes acquired from the subject Immunology, previously studied during the second year.
The methodology combines:
1) Lectures within which questions to be answered by the whole class will be interspersed in individual ad hoc questionnaires, to encourage participation and constitute an element of continuous evaluation.
2) Seminars where topics that lend themselves to group learning and dialogue will be discussed on previously distributed material. Some seminars will consist of the discussion of paradigmatic clinical cases. At the end of the seminar a questionnaire will be delivered answering the questions that have been addressed during the seminar.
3) Practices - demonstration. The laboratories of clinical diagnosis of immunology are not suitable for practices, but the exhibition will combine the diagnostic problems addressed in these laboratories, followed by visits in which demonstrations of the most representative techniques of immunology will be carried out. At the end of the practice a questionnaire must be submitted answering the questions that have been addressed during the session.
* The proposed teaching methodology may experience some modifications depending on the restrictions to face-to-face activities enforced by health authorities
Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.
Activities
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type: Directed | |||
| Discussion Seminars | 8 | 0.32 | |
| Master Classes | 11 | 0.44 | |
| Type: Supervised | |||
| Answer online questionnaires | 1 | 0.04 | 4, 2, 1, 3 |
| Delivery of work in the Virtual Campus | 2 | 0.08 | 2 |
| Demonstrations and laboratory practices | 8 | 0.32 | 4, 2 |
| Type: Autonomous | |||
| Individual study, consultation of the bibliography, preparation of the topics, resolution of the problems proposed by the professor and realization of works | 39 | 1.56 |
Assessment
Continuous assessment
The practices and seminars are mandatory: the questionnaires of practices and online will account for 25% of the grade of the subject.
The written evaluation consists of two tests: a questionnaire with multiple answers and one with conceptual questions. These two tests represent 40% and 35% of the grade to pass the course respectively and it is necessary that the mark of each one of the written tests is equal to or greater than 5. The grade of the continuous assessment will be added to the evaluations of the tests written only in the case of having overcome them.
Final evaluation and recovery
Students suspended per course (<5.0) or not presented will be eligible for recovery, provided they have approved practices and seminars. The recovery consists of a written essay test with two topics to develop and five conceptual questions and includes the subject of all the teaching units (including practices). The topics will be scored at 2.5 points and the short questions at 1.0. The grade to pass the subject is 5.
* Student's assessment may experience some modifications depending on the restrictions to face-to-face activities enforced by health authorities
Assessment Activities
| Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Answer online questionnaires | 5 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 1, 3 |
| Delivery of work to the virtual campus | 10 | 2 | 0.08 | 4, 1, 3 |
| Exam (Test-type questionnaire and short questions) | 75 | 1.5 | 0.06 | 1, 3 |
| Questionnaires for seminars and practices, including group work | 10 | 2 | 0.08 | 2 |
Bibliography
General bibliography
Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H. Lichtman, and Shiv Pillai. Cellular and Molecular Immunology: 9à edició. Elsevier Saunders, 2017. with online access for students; ISBN-13: 978-0323479783
Janeway's Immunobiology. 9th ed. Kenneth Murphy and Casey Weaver (Author) Garland Science, 2017, ISBN-13: 978-0815345053
Other texts of quality,
Roitt's Essential Immunology, Peter J. Delves, Seamus J. Martin, Dennis R. Burton, Ivan M. Roitt Wiley-Bolcall, 2016. ISBN-13: 978-1118415771
Kuby - Immunology. 7th ed. Ed. WH Freeman 2013; in cases of difict amb l'anglès it is possible to use the "Immunology" of Kuby, 6th edition in Spanish.
Peter Parham; The Immune System, Garldand Science, 4th edition, 2014.
Leonardo Fainboim and Jorge Geffner. Introduction to human immunology 6th edition, 2011.
Query texts
Clinical Immunology, Principles and Practice. Robert R Rich. 5th edition of Mosby, 2018.
Fundamental Immunology. WE. Paul. 7th edition (2012). Ed. Lippincot Villiams & Wilkins (for in-depth consultation).
The sections devoted to Immunology in medical texts are also recommended:
Internal Medicine. Farreras. 18th edition (2016). Ed. Elsevier.
Specific bibliography
Autoantibodies, Third Edition - 2014, Yehuda Shoenfeld (Editor), Pier Luigi Meroni (Editor), M. Eric Gershwin MD (Editor)
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: A Molecular & Cellular Approach. Hans D. Ochs, C. I. Edward Smith, Jennifer M. Puck. Oxford University Press, USA, 2013.
ISBN-13: 978-0195389838
Magazines and Internet Resources (accessible through the UAB Online Library)
Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Diseases
Blood
Clinical Immunology
Clinical and Experimental Immunology
Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies
Frontiers in immunology
Journal of Autommunity
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Transplantation
Immunoma project
Immunetolerance network
Videos on line
Von Adrian's laboratory
Software
Does not apply