Human Anatomy: Cardiovascular, Head and Neck
Code: 106728 ECTS Credits: 4| Degree | Type | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine | FB | 1 |
Contact
- Name:
- Santiago Rojas Codina
- Email:
- santiago.rojas@uab.cat
Teachers
- Mario Roberto Bueno Gallegos
- Jorge Anibal Francisco Ortíz Cazal
- Alejandro Fernández León
- Edgar Antonio de la Santísima Buloz Osorio
- Sergi Call Caja
- Luis Carlos Garcia Rodriguez
- Xavier Domingo Miró
Teaching groups languages
You can view this information at the end of this document.
Prerequisites
Although there are no official prerequisites, it is advisable to have acquired self-learning and teamwork skills. Likewise, it is recommended to have achieved the objectives of the subject Human Anatomy: Generalities and Locomotor Apparatus, which is taught in the first semester of the first course.
Because practical sessions will be conducted in the dissection room, a commitment to maintain confidentiality and professional secrecy of the data that may be accessed during learning activities must be acquired, and a professional ethical attitude must be maintained in all actions. A safety certificate proving that the specific test for good practices in the dissection room has been passed must also be obtained.
Objectives and Contextualisation
The general objective of the subject is the study of the general anatomical organization of the cardiovascular system, the head and neck, the principles of embryonic development of the cardiovascular system and of the head, and the systematic study of the anatomy of the cardiovascular system (heart, vessels of the major and minor circulation, and the lymphatic system), the osteo-musculo-articular organization of the head (including the organ of vision and hearing) and the musculo-aponeurotic organization of the neck. This subject has its natural continuity with the second-year anatomy subjects, and it is complemented by other basic and compulsory subjects such as Histology, Physiology and Pathophysiology and Clinical Semiology.
The student who has passed this subject must be able to describe, with an international anatomical nomenclature, and to recognize the anatomical organization of the cardiovascular system, the head and neck, as well as the principles of their development.
Competences
- Be able to work in an international context.
- Communicate clearly, orally and in writing, with other professionals and the media.
- Critically assess and use clinical and biomedical information sources to obtain, organise, interpret and present information on science and health.
- Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of descriptive and functional anatomy, both macro- and microscopic, of different body systems, and topographic anatomy, its correlation with basic complementary examinations and its developmental mechanisms.
- Demonstrate understanding of the basic sciences and the principles underpinning them.
- Demonstrate understanding of the causal agents and the risk factors that determine states of health and the progression of illnesses.
- Demonstrate understanding of the structure and function of the body systems of the normal human organism at different stages in life and in both sexes.
- Formulate hypotheses and compile and critically assess information for problem-solving, using the scientific method.
- Organise and plan time and workload in professional activity.
- Use information and communication technologies in professional practice.
Learning Outcomes
- Apply knowledge of anatomy to the production of structured review texts.
- Be able to work in an international context.
- Communicate clearly, orally and in writing, with other professionals and the media.
- Describe anatomical structures, organisation and morphogenesis of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system and the sense organs.
- Describe anatomical structures through inspection, palpation and/or different diagnostic imaging techniques.
- Describe the factors that determine the form, general aspect and proportions of the human body in health at different stages in life and in both sexes.
- Describe the fundamental scientific principles of human anatomy.
- Describe the general anatomical organisation of the systems of the human body in health.
- Explain the formation of the embryonic disc and its principal derivatives.
- Formulate hypotheses and compile and critically assess information for problem-solving, using the scientific method.
- Identify the anatomical structures that constitute the different body systems in good health in the major stages of the life cycle and in both sexes.
- Identify the anatomical structures that make up the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, and the sense organs in health, by using inspection, palpation and/or macroscopic methods and different diagnostic imaging techniques.
- Identify the main techniques used in a human anatomy laboratory.
- Identify the morphogenetic mechanisms of the main alterations in the development of the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system and the sense organs.
- Know and make correct use of the international anatomical nomenclature.
- Organise and plan time and workload in professional activity.
- Use information and communication technologies in professional practice.
Content
Theoretical classes program (21h)
UNIT 1: HEAD
General Organization of the bones: views or norms, cranial fossae, joints. Morphogenesis: desmocranium, chondrocranium. Development of the viscerocranium: first and second pharyngeal arches. Skull joints: syndesmosis, synchondrosis and synovial. Temporomandibular joint. Kinematics. Muscles of mastication: temporal, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. Suprahyoid muscles: digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and stylohyoid. Muscles of facial expression: general characteristics. Circumorbital and palpebral muscles. Nasal muscles. Buccolabial muscles.
UNIT 2: NECK
General organization: fasciae and cervical spaces. Triangles of the neck: limits and content. Infrahyoid muscles: sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles. Lateral muscles: scaleni anterior, medium and posterior. Craniozonal muscles: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Cervical plexus: constitution, terminal and collateral branches.
UNIT 3: EYE
Bony orbit. Anatomical constitution of the eye: Outer coat (sclera, cornea), Uvea (choroid, ciliary body, iris), Retina. Lens and humours. Lacrimal system. Extraocular muscles and fascial sheet.
UNIT 4: EAR
External ear: pinna, externa auditory canal. Middle ear: tympanic cavity, pharyngotympanic tube, mastoid cells. Inner ear: bony labyrinth (vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea) and membranous labyrinth (utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts, endolymphatic duct and sac, cochlear duct).
UNIT 5: HEART
General organization: anatomical constitution, location, relationships. External morphology: base, apex, surfaces and borders. Internal morphology: fibrous skeleton, cavities. Myocardium. Conduction tissues. Vascular supply and lymphatics drainage. Innervation. Pericardium: fibrous and serous pericardium. Pericardial cavity and fluid.
UNIT 6: DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEART AND CIRCULATION
Morphogenesis of the heart: premorphogenetic and morphogenetic phases. Cardiac tube: looping, septation and histodifferentiation processes. Morphogenesis of the vascular system: development of the aortic arches, development of the vitelline, umbilical and cardinal veins. Development of the lymphatic system.
UNIT 7: VASCULAR SYSTEM
Minor circulation (pulmonary); pulmonary trunk, right and left pulmonary arteries, Pulmonary arterial segmentation. Pulmonary veins. Major circulation (systematic): ascending aorta, arch and descending aorta (thoracic and abdominal parts). Common iliac arteries. Supra-aortic trunks: brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery. Subclavian arteries. Common carotid arteries: carotid bifurcation. Internal carotid arteries. External carotid arteries. Maxillary and superficial temporal arteries. Venous systems. Jugular veins (internal, external, anterior). Subclavian veins. Jugulosubclavian angles. Brachiocephalic veins. Superior vena cava. Iliac veins. Inferior vena cava. Intercaval venous systems: azygous and vertebral plexuses. Lymphatic system: cisterna chyli (Pecquet), thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.
Seminar program (8h)
Seminar 1: Osteology of the skull (1). Bones of the neurocranium and bones of the viscerocranium (face). Adult and foetal skull. Sutures and fontanelles. Lateral view: bones and fossae. Main anthropometric points of the skull. Correlation of the osteology with diagnostic imaging techniques.
Seminar 2: Osteology of the skull (2). Frontal (anterior) view. Orbital cavity. Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Correlation of the osteology with diagnostic imaging techniques.
Seminar 3: Osteology of the skull (3). Internal or cranial fossae of the skull: anterior, middle and posterior fossae and orifices. Correlation of the osteology with diagnostic imaging techniques.
Seminar 4: Development of the heart and circulation and its application to clinical cases.
Dissection practices (6h)
To access the dissection lab, it is mandatory to wear a gown, gloves and any other protective measure that is established, and to have the safety certificate. It is totally forbidden to make any type of image (photography, video, ..) in the dissection room.
Practice 1 (anatomy of the head and neck).
Contents: skull: views and cranial fossae. Sutures and fontanelles. Temporomandibular joint. Muscles of mastication. Muscles of facial expression. Muscles and fasciae of the neck. Cervical triangles: limits and contents. Cervical plexus.
Practice 2 (anatomy of the special senses).
Contents: orbital cavity, eyeball, ocular attachments (extraocular muscles, lacrimal system). Temporal bone and ear (inner, middle and external ear).
Practice 3 (anatomy of the cardiovascular system).
Contents: external morphology of the heart. Pericardium. Internal morphology of the heart: cardiac cavities and fibrous skeleton. Vascular supply (coronary arteries and cardiac veins and lymphatics). Nerves and cardiac plexuses. Heart relationships. Correlation of anatomical preparations of the heart with diagnostic imaging techniques. Vascular system: aorta. Pulmonary arteries and veins. Common iliac arteries. Carotid arteries: common, internal and external. Subclavian arteries and veins. Maxillary and superficial temporal arteries. Jugular veins and superior vena cava. Iliac veins and inferior vena cava. Intercaval anastomotic systems: azygous vein and vertebral plexuses. Lymphatic ducts: thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.
Activities and Methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type: Directed | |||
| LABORATORY PRACTICES (PLAB) | 6 | 0.24 | 3, 15, 5, 10, 12, 11, 13, 16, 2, 17 |
| SEMINARS (SEM) | 8 | 0.32 | 3, 15, 7, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 11, 16, 2, 17 |
| THEORY (TE) | 21 | 0.84 | 3, 15, 7, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 11, 16, 2, 17 |
| Type: Supervised | |||
| Queries with the tutors | 11 | 0.44 | 3, 15, 7, 4, 5, 10, 12, 11, 13, 16, 2, 17 |
| Type: Autonomous | |||
| READING OF ARTICLES / REPORTS OF INTEREST / PERSONAL STUDY | 48 | 1.92 | 1, 3, 15, 7, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 11, 13, 16, 2, 17 |
METHODOLOGY
Directed activities
Classes to teach the theory program (TE) (21h)
Seminars (SEM) (8h) (didactic material in Virtual Campus of UAB)
Dissection lab practices (PLAB) (6h) (didactic material in Virtual Campus of UAB)
Supervised activities
Personalized and/or group tutoring, face-to-face or virtual
Tutorials on line
Autonomous activities
Reading of texts and articles, study and creation of diagrams, summaries and conceptual assimilation of the contents. Advance preparation of seminars and dissection activities.
Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.
Assessment
Continous Assessment Activities
| Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objective evaluation of content of the practical program | 34% | 2 | 0.08 | 3, 15, 5, 12, 11, 13, 16, 2, 17 |
| Objective evaluation type test of the contents of the theoretical program | 66% | 4 | 0.16 | 1, 3, 15, 6, 7, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14, 11, 16, 2 |
EVALUATION
There will be 3 partial exams, two of which correspond to the theoretical contents of the subject and the third to the practical and seminars content
Exams contents
- First partial: theoretical contents corresponding to topics 1, 2, 3 and 4.
- Second partial: theoretical contents corresponding to topics 5, 6 and 7.
- Third partial exam: contents of practices 1, 2, 3 and seminars 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Exams characteristics
The first and second partial exams will consist of multiple-choice test. Each question has 4 possible options and only one correct answer. Wrongly answered questions will be penalized by 1/3 points. Unanswered questions will not be penalized
The third partial exam will consist in identification of anatomical structures and answering short questions. The identification of the structures will be carried out on diagrams and photographs of the pieces studied in the dissection room and seminars.
Sufficiency criteria
To aprove the subject, the following conditions must be met:
- The weighted average grade of the three partials must be equal to or greater than 5.0
- The grade of each partial must be greater than 5.0. If the average grade of the three partials is equal to or greater than 5.0 but the qualification of at least one partials is infeior to 5.0, a final qualification of 4.0 will be awarded.
Calculation of the grade
The following formula will be used:
Final qualification= (First partial qualification x 0.33) +(Second partial qualification x 0.33) + (Third partial qualification x 0.34)
Recovery
Those people who do not meet the sufficiency criteria may opt for recovery tests. Students must retake all partial exams that have a score equal to or lower than 5.0. Those who wish to improve their qualification smay also opt for retakeexams. Before that they must waive the previous scores obtained in the corresponding partial exams. To do so, they must communicate this at the time of the exam announcement.
The retake exams will have the same characteristics as the partial exams and the same criteria for correction and sufficiency will be followed.
Students who have not taken any exam will receive the grade of not assessable.
Single evaluation is not planned in this subject (agreement inmedicine faculty on March 30, 2023)
Bibliography
EMBRIOLOGIA
Cochard, L.R. (2005) Netter - Atlas de Embriología humana. 1ª edición. Ed. Masson SA. Disponible.
Moore, K.L., Persaud, T.V.N., Torchia, M.G. (2020) Embriología clínica. 11ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Sadler, T.W. (2019) Langman Embriología Médica. 14ª edición. Ed. Wolters Kluwer. Disponible.
ANATOMIA
Anastasi, G.; Gaudio, E.; Tacchetti, C. (2022) Anatomía humana - atlas - (editor de la edición en español: Alfonso Rodríguez Baeza). 3 volúmenes. 2ª edición. Ed. Edra - edi-ermes. Disponible.
Anastasi, G.; Gaudio, E.; Tacchetti, C. (2022) Anatomía humana - atlas - (editor de la edición en español: Alfonso Rodríguez Baeza). 1 volumen. 2ª edición. Ed. Edra - edi-ermes. Disponible.
Dalley, A.F., Agur, A.M. (2022) Moore - Anatomía con orientación clínica. 9ª edición. Ed. Wolters Kluvers.
Dauber, W. (2021) Feneis Nomenclatura anatómica ilustrada. 11ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Drake, R.L., Vogl, W., Mitchell, A.W.M. (2020) Gray - Anatomía para estudiantes. 4ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Gilroy, A.M., MacPherson, B.R., Wikenheiser, J. (2022) Prometheus - Atlas de Anatomía. 4ª edición. Ed. Médica Panamericana. Disponible.
Loukas, M., Benninger, B., Shane Tubbs, R. (2019) Guía fotográfica de disección del cuerpo humano. 2ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Netter, F.H. (2019) Atlas de Anatomía humana. 7ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Paulsen, F. Waschke J. (2018) Sobotta Atlasde Anatomía Humana. 24ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Rohen, J.W., Yokochi, C., Lütjen-Drecoll, E. (2021) Atlas de Anatomía humana. Estudio fotográfico del cuerpo humano. 9ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Schünke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U. (2022) Prometheus - Texto y atlas de Anatomía. 5ª edición. Ed. Médica Panamericana. Disponible.
Spratt, J.D.; Salkowski, L.R.; Loukas, M. (2021) Weir y Abrahams. Atlas de Anatomía Humana por técnicas de imagen. 6ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Standring, S. (2021) Gray’s. Anatomy. The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 42th edition. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Waschke J, Koch M, Kurten S, Schulze-Tanzil G, Spittau B. (2018) Sobotta. Texto de Anatomía. 1ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Weber, E.D.; Vilensky, J.; Carmichael, S.W., Lee, K.S. (2015) Netter Anatomia Radiológica Esencial. 2ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Important:
Access to the Campus Virtual of the UAB
Access to the library's website of the UAB to colsult the available bibliography
Software
Is not necessary specific programari
Groups and Languages
Please note that this information is provisional until 30 November 2025. You can check it through this link. To consult the language you will need to enter the CODE of the subject.
| Name | Group | Language | Semester | Turn |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 101 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 102 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 103 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 104 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 105 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 106 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 107 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 108 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 109 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 110 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 111 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 112 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 113 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 114 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 115 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 116 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 117 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 118 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 101 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 102 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 103 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 104 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 105 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 106 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 107 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 108 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 109 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 110 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 111 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 112 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 113 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 114 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 115 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 116 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 117 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 118 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (TE) Theory | 101 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (TE) Theory | 102 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (TE) Theory | 103 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (TE) Theory | 104 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |