Learning Outcomes

1. Analyse, synthesise and resolve problems and make decisions.
2. Apply and interpret control and surveillance systems in ICU, hospitalisation and surgery, specifically in complex interventions on animals with serious disorders of the general state or interventions in neurology, ophthalmology, traumatology and orthopaedics or special surgery.
3. Apply ethical values that govern the behavior of veterinarians in clinical practice in relations with other veterinarians.
4. Apply scientific method to professional practice, including medicine
5. Apply the concepts acquired for recognition and manipulation of instruments, manipulation of tissues, haemostasis, drainage and sutures, as well as helping effectively in surgical interventions recognising the typical instruments of surgical specialities (traumatology and orthopaedics, thoracic surgery, ophthalmology, neurology, exotic...).
6. Apply the necessary basic knowledge to deal with an animal with a neurological disorder (small, equine and exotic animals).
7. Be responsible for the medication and daily care of patients (small, equine and exotic animals).
8. Communicate information obtained during professional exercise in a fluid manner, orally and in writing, with other colleagues, authorities and society in general.
9. Defend the ethical values that determine the decision making in diagnostic procedures, medical or surgical treatment or any medical procedure, subject to the rights of animals and their owners.
10. Define the problems found in physical examinations or clinical record of an animal, and produce a list of problems, differential diagnosis and the diagnostic protocol in all clinical specialities and for different species.
11. Determine the ideal positions to obtain radiographic images of the different pathological processes and X-rays and use and apply contrast methods in small, equine, exotic and zoo animals.
12. Explain the general bases of medical and surgical treatments of the main neurological disorders of small and equine animals.
13. Fill in anamnesis and exploration records in all clinical specialities.
14. Handle different autochthonous wildlife species in a safe way for them and the veterinarian.
15. Hold animals when performing examinations, caring or taking samples in a way that causes the minimum possible stress and be able to explain to other people how to do the same.
16. Identify the available laboratory methods to perform hemograms and determine biochemical parameters, advantages and disadvantages of different systems, and recognise the derived complications of treatment and/or obtainment of a sample.
17. Identify the biopsy techniques that can be applied for obtaining samples of different organs and tissues.
18. Identify the conditions in which euthanasia is the only possible option, or the most suitable, depending on the general state of the sick animal and appropriately propose this to the owners.
19. Interpret the results of diagnostic tests (analytical tests, X-rays, echography, endoscopy, PCR, serology...) that are fundamental for advanced diagnosis in the medication and surgery of small, equine and exotic animals.
20. Interpret the utility and complementary diagnostics such as LCR punture, ERG, electromyography procedures, fluorescein angiography, gammagraphy etc.
21. Locate lesions in the nervous system, establish differential diagnoses, diagnostic protocol, treatment and prognosis of small and equine animals.
22. Monitor animals during surgical and/or anaesthetic recovery in different species, including wildlife.
23. Objectively evaluate the pain of sick animals and decide on the analgesia scheme depending on the species, age, location and cause of the pain and the state of the patient.
24. Perform a hemogram and blood test with emergency equipment, and recognise the limitations of these systems and defend interpretations.
25. Perform differential diagnoses and diagnostic plans, taking into account the available complementary techniques applied to all clinical specialities and different species.
26. Plan the most suitable anaesthetic protocol depending on the animal species and the general state of the patient, as well as the type of intervention required.
27. Properly apply knowledge acquired on sedation and pain therapy to interventions in the nervous system, ophthalmology, traumatology and orthopaedics, and special surgery.
28. Properly calculate the doses of medicine for different animal species. Know the limitations of some drugs depending on the species or even the breed, as well as the specific contraindications.
29. Realise complete basic examinations in different clinical specialities (dermatology, neurology, ophthalmology, traumatology and orthopaedics...).
30. Recognise neurological emergencies.
31. Recognise pathological changes in X-rays, echography, endoscopies, CAT and MR and interpret them properly.
32. Recognise personal limitations and know when to ask for professional advice and help.
33. Recognise the adverse effects that different medications can cause and observe established pharmacovigilance legislation
34. Recognise the disorders that require urgent assistance and know how to prioritise them by severity.
35. Recognise the main problems that will require emergency surgery.
36. Recognise the moment when a case needs to be passed to a specialist for diagnosis and/or treatment, and if required, or not, an urgent examination.
37. Show responsibility regarding the need to perform necessary complementary tests on the patient and know how to evaluate the meaning and integrate it in the evolution of hospitalised patients of different species.