Learning Outcomes

1. Analyse, synthesise and resolve problems and make decisions.
2. Apply advanced knowledge of internal medicine in small, equine and exotic animals.
3. Apply ethical values that govern the behavior of veterinarians in clinical practice in relations with other veterinarians.
4. Apply specific knowledge of sedation in horses and regional anaesthesia to perform examinations and clinical and surgical procedures.
5. Apply the concepts acquired for recognition and manipulation of instruments, manipulation of tissues, haemostasis, drainage and sutures, as well as helping effectively in surgical interventions recognising the typical instruments of surgical specialities (traumatology and orthopaedics, thoracic surgery, ophthalmology, neurology, exotic...).
6. Apply the necessary basic knowledge to deal with an animal with a neurological disorder (small, equine and exotic animals).
7. Be responsible for the medication and daily care of patients (small, equine and exotic animals).
8. Defend the ethical values that determine the decision making in diagnostic procedures, medical or surgical treatment or any medical procedure, subject to the rights of animals and their owners.
9. Define the problems found in physical examinations or clinical record of an animal, and produce a list of problems, differential diagnosis and the diagnostic protocol in all clinical specialities and for different species.
10. Demonstrate basic notions and practices of assisted reproduction in pets and equines.
11. Demonstrate knowledge of the general principles of the medical and surgical treatments of ophthalmological disorders of small, equine and exotic animals.
12. Describe the basic procedures applied to emergencies that affect equines and exotic animals
13. Describe the main diseases and injuries derived from sports training and competition.
14. Determine the ideal positions to obtain radiographic images of the different pathological processes and X-rays and use and apply contrast methods in small, equine, exotic and zoo animals.
15. Diagnose and treat the main behavioural problems of small, equine and exotic animals.
16. Diagnose and treat the main dermatological disorders that affect small, equine and exotic animals.
17. Diagnose, treat and issue prognosis of the main problems with neonate and geriatric patients that affect small, equine and exotic animals.
18. Dispense and administer fluids, drugs and other treatments indicated (O2?) for sick animals.
19. Distinguish the different perineural or regional protocols and anaesthesia for the diagnosis of the main orthopaedic problems in equines.
20. Evaluate whether the concepts of asepsis-antisepsis, preparation of surgery and preparation of the surgical patient and the material and instruments to be used have integrated properly, along with their application to the operating theatre depending on the type of intervention and the animal species.
21. Explain the regulations applied to the planning and operation of different veterinary establishments (surgeries, clinics and hospitals) that treat small, equine and exotic animals.
22. Fill in anamnesis and exploration records in all clinical specialities.
23. Hold animals when performing examinations, caring or taking samples in a way that causes the minimum possible stress and be able to explain to other people how to do the same.
24. Identify and treat the processes that affect the reproduction apparatus of male and females in small, equine and exotic animals.
25. Identify the biopsy techniques that can be applied for obtaining samples of different organs and tissues.
26. Identify the conditions in which euthanasia is the only possible option, or the most suitable, depending on the general state of the sick animal and appropriately propose this to the owners.
27. Identify the general principles of medical and surgical treatments of the main problems derived from sports competition.
28. Identify the main contagious diseases that affect equines and plan and assess diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive programs.
29. Identify the regulations that affect breeding of animals with congenital disorders and/or acquired hereditary aetiology (small, equine, exotic and zoo animals).
30. Immobilize the limb of an injured horse by means of specific bandages.
31. Interpret X-rays and echography, and have basic knowledge of the interpretation of MR and IMR applied to clinical cases. Know the indications and limitations of different techniques (with and without contrast, type of apparatus, limitations...) in small, equine, exotic and zoo animals
32. Interpret the results of diagnostic tests (analytical tests, X-rays, echography, endoscopy, PCR, serology...) that are fundamental for advanced diagnosis in the medication and surgery of small, equine and exotic animals.
33. Locate lesions in the nervous system, establish differential diagnoses, diagnostic protocol, treatment and prognosis of small and equine animals.
34. Perform a hemogram and blood test with emergency equipment, and recognise the limitations of these systems and defend interpretations.
35. Perform differential diagnoses and diagnostic plans, taking into account the available complementary techniques applied to all clinical specialities and different species.
36. Perform nasogastric and nasoesophageal scans and handle and place endovenous catheters in different animal species.
37. Perform the basic surgical procedures of different clinical specialities and take samples in small, equine, exotic and zoo animals.
38. Plan the most suitable anaesthetic protocol depending on the animal species and the general state of the patient, as well as the type of intervention required.
39. Practise the most basic perineural anaesthesia techniques.
40. Prepare an animal for echography, recognise the type of probe and suitable positioning for exploration of the different organs and/or tissues in small, equine, exotic and zoo animals.
41. Prepare an animal for endoscopy and interpret the images for the exploration of the different organs and/or tissues in small, equine, exotic and zoo animals.
42. Properly apply euthanasia to small, equine and exotic animals.
43. Properly calculate the doses of medicine for different animal species. Know the limitations of some drugs depending on the species or even the breed, as well as the specific contraindications.
44. Properly fill in forms requesting biopathological and histopathological analyses of pertinent samples of pet, equine, exotic or zoo animals.
45. Recognise personal limitations and know when to ask for professional advice and help.
46. Recognise regulations related with animal trading and actions and responsibilities of the veterinary surgeon (pre and post purchase reports and examinations of small, equine and exotic animals).
47. Recognise the adverse effects that different medications can cause and observe established pharmacovigilance legislation
48. Recognise the disorders that require urgent assistance and know how to prioritise them by severity.
49. Recognise the main problems that will require emergency surgery.
50. Recognise the moment when a case needs to be passed to a specialist for diagnosis and/or treatment, and if required, or not, an urgent examination.
51. Seek and manage information related with professional activity
52. Show responsibility regarding the need to perform necessary complementary tests on the patient and know how to evaluate the meaning and integrate it in the evolution of hospitalised patients of different species.
53. Stabilise critical animals.
54. Use the necessary basic knowledge to deal with an animal with a cardiologic disorder (small, equine and exotic animals).