Structural Geology II
Code: 101046 ECTS Credits: 6| Degree | Type | Year | Semester |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2500254 Geology | OB | 3 | 2 |
Contact
- Name:
- Elena Druguet Tantiña
- Email:
- elena.druguet@uab.cat
Teaching groups languages
You can check it through this link. To consult the language you will need to enter the CODE of the subject. Please note that this information is provisional until 30 November 2023.
Teachers
- Elena Druguet Tantiña
- Eduard Saura Parramon
Prerequisites
To have passed the subjects "Fundamentals of Geology" and "Field work on Regional Geology" of the first course of the Degree of Geology and of first and second year respectively of the double degree in Environmental Sciences and Geology.
Objectives and Contextualisation
To recognize, identify and interpret ductile deformation structures and their association in different tectonic contexts. This will be done both from a theoretical (genesis of structures) and analytical point of view (real structures). Emphasis will be placed on the student's acquisition of the ability to use the appropriate terminology of structural geology and the acquisition of skills to represent the structural characteristics throughout different methods of graphic representation (maps, cross-sections, detail schemes, stereographic projection and other specific techniques).
Competences
- Display understanding of the size of the space and time dimensions of Earth processes, on different scales.
- Draw up and interpret geological maps and other means of depicting geological information (columns, correlation frames, geological cross-sections, etc.)
- Learn and apply the knowledge acquired, and use it to solve problems.
- Process, interpret and present field data using qualitative and quantitative techniques, and suitable computer programmes.
- Recognise, depict and reconstruct tectonic structures and the processes that generate them and relate types of rocks and structures to geodynamic environments.
- Suitably transmit information, verbally, graphically and in writing, using modern information and communication technologies.
- Synthesise and analyse information critically.
- Use concepts from physics when solving problems in geology.
- Work independently.
Learning Outcomes
- Discern the deformation processes on different scales.
- Draw up geological maps of structurally complex regions and geological cross-sections.
- Draw up structural subsoil models, based on geological cross-sections and three-dimensional block diagrams.
- Formulate and verify hypotheses of a structural and tectonic nature.
- Interpret the mechanical behaviour of geological materials in accordance with physical parameters.
- Learn and apply the knowledge acquired, and use it to solve problems.
- Process, interpret and present structural data.
- Recognise and depict the principal tectonic structures.
- Relate deformation structures to tectonic stress.
- Relate the principal tectonic structures to structural and petrogenetic processes.
- Suitably transmit information, verbally, graphically and in writing, using modern information and communication technologies.
- Synthesise and analyse information critically.
- Work independently.
Content
BLOCK 1
Topic 1: REVIEW OF CONCEPTS. CONTINUOUS DEFORMATION
Topic 2: HOMOGENEOUS DEFORMATION IN 2D
Topic 3: 2D HETEROGENIC DEFORMATION
Topic 4: DETERMINATION OF STRAIN IN 2D
Topic 5: DEFORMATION IN 3D
Topic 6: DEFORMATION OF ROCKS AT CRYSTALLINE SCALE
BLOCK 2
Topic 7: GEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF DEFORMATION
Topic 8: FOLIATIONS AND LINEATIONS
Topic 9: FOLDS
Topic 10: FOLDING
Topic 11: BOUDINAGE STRUCTURES
Topic 12: SUPERPOSITION STRUCTURES
Topic 13: SHEAR ZONES
BLOCK 3
Topic 14: TECTONIC REGIMES AND DEFORMATION PARTITIONING. INTERNAL DOMAINS OF THE OROGENS
CLASSROOM PRACTICES
Practice 1: Homogeneous deformation through coordinate transformation equations
Practice 2: The Mohr circle for finite homogeneous deformation
Practice 3: Homogeneous deformation in 2D
Practice 4: Heterogeneous deformation in 2D
Practice 5: Methods for determination of deformation: (1) Rf / Φ, (2) Method of Fry
Practice 6: Geological cutting through a strip of folds with cleavage
Practice 7: Folds in stereographic projection and Fleuty classification
Practice 8: Morphology of folds and classification of Ramsay
Practice 9: Polyphase deformation
Practice 10: Shear zones
Practices 11-12: Review of deformation structures
FIELD PRACTICES
Tectonic structures in Cap de Creus (2 field trip days)
-First day: Cadaqués-Guillola-Mas de Rabassers. Recognition and elaboration of cross-sections and structural schemes of zones with folds and associated foliations.
- Second day: Puig Culip - Culleró. Recognition and detail mapping of areas with folds and associated foliations in domains of intense metamorphism and magmatic activity. Relationships tectonics/metamorphism/magmatism. Shear zones.
Methodology
A combined approach between the theoretical approach (block 1) and the most descriptive (block 2) with a continuous feedback between the reference to the undeformed state (original geological object) and the reference to the deformed state (real structure). This approach applies to the whole course, so that the concepts explained in theory, practices and in the field are interrelated continuously.
Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.
Activities
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type: Directed | |||
| Classroom exercises | 12 | 0.48 | 2, 7 |
| Field practices (field excursions) | 14 | 0.56 | 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 |
| Lectures | 25 | 1 | 1, 5, 10 |
| Type: Autonomous | |||
| To learn the theoretical and practical concepts complemented with bibliographic information, complementary practical works | 84 | 3.36 | 12, 1, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13 |
Assessment
The assessment will be based on a summation of different qualifications in order to achieve a continuous assessment.
The final evaluation and rating will be based on the sum of the evaluations of:
(1) classroom practice file: 15% (non-retrievable, non-improveable)
(2) fieldwork: 10% (non-retrievable, non-improveable)
(3) theoretical-practical test of Block 1: 35% (retrievable, improveable)
(4) theoretical-practical test of Blocks 2 and 3: 40% (retrievable, improveable)
The weighted average will be obtained from the set of notes based on the specific weight of each of the parts.
To pass the subject by continuous assessment, you must have a minimum average of 5 and have made all the tests, field trips and handed in all coursework within the established deadlines. To average the different parts, a minimum of 3.5 is required for each of the two partial tests (3 and 4).
Retrieval exam: If the requirements exposed above are not met, or if the resulting final average is lower than 5, a retrieval exam may be taken on the date of the final assessment. To be able to attend the retrieval exam, students must have previously been assessed for continuous assessment activities that are equivalent to 2/3 of the final grade. The retrievable activities in this exam will be activities (3) and (4). Students who have been approved by continuous assessment but who wish to improve their grade, may choose to do so on the same date as the final assessment, by communicating it by email to the teacher responsible for the subject 5 calendar days in advance of the exam date.
Unique assessment modality
Students who have accepted the single assessment modality must complete:
- a single final exam that will include all the content equivalent to tests (3) and (4) previously mentioned for continuous assessment.
- at the end of the exam, students will hand in the classroom (1) and field (2) practice files.
The grade obtainedwill be the weighted average ofthe three previous activities, where the theory exam will account for 75% of the grade, classroom practices 15% and field practices 10%.
Retrieval exam: If the final grade is lower than 5, the student will have another opportunity to pass the subject through the retrieval exam that will be held on the date set by the degree coordinator. In the same way as in the continuous assessment, the retrievable activities in this exam will be activities (3) and (4). Students who wish to improve their grades may also choose to do so on the same date as the final assessment.
Under no circumstances will students be able to pass if they have not taken the field trips or if they have not submitted the classroom practices and files.
Assessment Activities
| Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of classroom practices | 15% | 4 | 0.16 | 6, 7, 8 |
| Evaluation of field works | 10% | 5 | 0.2 | 6, 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 |
| Exam of contents of Blocks 2 and 3 | 40% | 3 | 0.12 | 12, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13 |
| Theoretical-practical test of the contents of Block 1, with availability of notes and teaching materials of all kinds | 35% | 3 | 0.12 | 12, 6, 1, 4, 5, 9, 11, 13 |
Bibliography
Davis, G.H., Reynolds, S.J., Kluth, C.F. 2013. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions, 3rd Edition. Wiley.
Fossen, H. 2010. Structural Geology. Cambridge University Press.
Hansen, E. 1971. Strain facies. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Hatcher, R.D. 1990. Structural Geology. Principles, concepts and problems. Merrill Publishing Company.
Hills, E.S. 1977. Elementos de Geología Estructural. Ariel, Barcelona.
Hobbs, B.E., Means, W.H., Williams, P.F. 1981. Geología Estructural. Omega. Barcelona.
Lisle, R.J. 2004. Geological Structures and Maps: 3rd Edition. Elsevier.
Mattauer, M. 1976. Las deformaciones de los materiales de la corteza terrestre. Omega, Barcelona.
Passchier, C., Trouw, R. 2005. Microtectonics, second ed. Springer, Berlin.
Price, N.J., Cosgrove, J.M. 1990. Analysis of Geological Structures. Cambridge University Press.
Ragan, D.M., 2009. Structural Geology. An Introduction to Geometrical Techniques. 4th Edition. Cambridge University Press.
Ramsay, J.G. 1967. Folding and Fracturing of Rocks. McGraw Hill, New York. (trad. castellà: Ramsay, J.G. 1977.Plegamiento y fracturación de rocas. Blume, Madrid).
Ramsay, J.G., Huber, M.I. 1983. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology, Volume 1: Strain Analysis. Ac. Press.
Ramsay, J.G., Huber, M.I. 1987. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology, Volume 2: Folds and Fractures. Ac. Press.
Suppe, J. 1985. Principles of Structural Geology. Prentice Hall.
Turner, F.J., Weiss, L.E. 1963. Structural analysis of metamorphic tectonites. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Twiss, R.J., Moores, E.M. 1992. Structural geology. Freeman. (2nd edition 2007, Macmillan).
Van Der Pluijim, B., Marshak, S. 2003. Earth Structure. McGraw-Hill.
Software
No specific software will be used