2022/2023
Accelerator Physics
Code: 104048 ECTS Credits: 6| Degree | Type | Year | Semester |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2500097 Physics | OT | 4 | 2 |
Contact
- Name:
- Caterina Biscari
- Email:
- caterina.biscari@uab.cat
Use of Languages
- Principal working language:
- spanish (spa)
- Some groups entirely in English:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Catalan:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Spanish:
- No
External teachers
- Gabriele Benedetti
Prerequisites
There are no formal prerequisites but knowledge of classical mechanics, electromagnetism and special relativity are assumed
Objectives and Contextualisation
It is an introduction to the physics of particle accelerators and their applications, with special emphasis on the sources of synchrotron light.
Competences
- Act with ethical responsibility and respect for fundamental rights and duties, diversity and democratic values.
- Apply fundamental principles to the qualitative and quantitative study of various specific areas in physics
- Be familiar with the bases of certain advanced topics, including current developments on the parameters of physics that one could subsequently develop more fully
- Carry out academic work independently using bibliography (especially in English), databases and through collaboration with other professionals
- Communicate complex information in an effective, clear and concise manner, either orally, in writing or through ICTs, and before both specialist and general publics
- Formulate and address physical problems identifying the most relevant principles and using approximations, if necessary, to reach a solution that must be presented, specifying assumptions and approximations
- Make changes to methods and processes in the area of knowledge in order to provide innovative responses to society's needs and demands.
- Plan and perform, using appropriate methods, study, research or experimental measure and interpret and present the results.
- Take account of social, economic and environmental impacts when operating within one's own area of knowledge.
- Use critical reasoning, show analytical skills, correctly use technical language and develop logical arguments
- Use mathematics to describe the physical world, selecting appropriate tools, building appropriate models, interpreting and comparing results critically with experimentation and observation
- Using appropriate methods, plan and carry out a study or theoretical research and interpret and present the results
- Work independently, have personal initiative and self-organisational skills in achieving results, in planning and in executing a project
- Working in groups, assume shared responsibilities and interact professionally and constructively with others, showing absolute respect for their rights.
Learning Outcomes
- Calculate the frequency of revolution in synchrotrons based on particle types and their energy
- Calculate the luminosity of a hadron, differentiating between circular and linear hadrons.
- Carry out the basic design of an optical accumulation ring or synchrotron defining the Twiss parameters and the characteristics of radio frequency
- Communicate complex information in an effective, clear and concise manner, either orally, in writing or through ICTs, in front of both specialist and general publics.
- Define the main characteristics of a hadron depending on the energy and luminosity required.
- Demonstrate an understanding of the bases to the applications of a synchrotron light source
- Demonstrate an understanding of the basics of plasma acceleration
- Describe the basics of dynamic transverse and longitudinal beam
- Describe the different types of magnets, from permanent magnets, ferromagnetic and superconductors used in accelerators
- Describe the different types of particle accelerators currently in use: Linacre, cyclotrons, synchrotrons, etc. and their major applications
- Describe the technology of radio frequency cavities
- Determine type of photon source based on applications, differentiating between dipoles, wigglers and undulators
- Explain the explicit or implicit code of practice of one's own area of knowledge.
- Identify situations in which a change or improvement is needed.
- Identify the social, economic and environmental implications of academic and professional activities within one's own area of knowledge.
- Measure the quality of the magnetic field for magnets
- Understand the different types of accelerators, radiation-emitting equipment and radioactive sources for medical applications.
- Use control-room instrumentation for measuring emittance and energy spread at the Linac
- Use critical reasoning, show analytical skills, correctly use technical language and develop logical arguments
- Use matrix treatment in the definition of Twiss parameters.
- Use simulation codes for dynamic-opening calculations.
- Work independently, take initiative itself, be able to organize to achieve results and to plan and execute a project.
- Working in groups, assume shared responsibilities and interact professionally and constructively with others, showing absolute respect for their rights.
- Carry out academic work independently using bibliography (especially in English), databases and through collaboration with other professionals
Content
Introduction to accelerators and their applications.
Principles of acceleration and transport of particle beams.
Basic concepts of radio frequency, magnet and vacuum systems.
Description of the transversal and longitudinal dynamics of particle beams and the characteristics of the synchrotron radiation.
Description of the different types of accelerators, with more emphasis on the synchrotron light sources and their usefulness.
Basic concepts of the simulation of beam dynamics programs.
Two experimental practices in the Alba Synchrotron.
Methodology
The course is structured in theoretical classes (30 hours), completion of exercises (9 hours) and completion of experimental work (10 hours)
Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.
Activities
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type: Directed | |||
| Experimental sessions at ALBA | 10 | 0.4 | |
| Theory lessons | 30 | 1.2 | |
| Tutoring on solving exercises | 9 | 0.36 | |
| Type: Autonomous | |||
| Elaboration of a report on the experimental sessions | 9 | 0.36 | |
| Solving problems | 16 | 0.64 | |
| Study | 58 | 2.32 |
Assessment
Partial exams 1 and 2 (40% + 40% of the final grade) done in the middle and end of the semester.
Report on experimental work (20% of the final grade)
The examination of recovery allows to improve the results of the partial examinations.
Assessment Activities
| Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First partial | 40% | 3 | 0.12 | 1, 4, 8, 10, 9, 13, 24, 15, 14, 19, 22, 23, 20 |
| Recovery Exam | 80% | 3 | 0.12 | 1, 2, 4, 17, 7, 6, 5, 8, 10, 9, 11, 12, 13, 24, 15, 14, 16, 19, 3, 22, 23, 21, 20, 18 |
| Report on experimental sessions | 20% | 9 | 0.36 | 1, 4, 24, 14, 16, 19, 3, 22, 23, 21, 20, 18 |
| Second partial | 40% | 3 | 0.12 | 1, 2, 4, 17, 7, 6, 5, 11, 12, 13, 24, 15, 14, 19, 22, 23, 20 |
Bibliography
http://cds.cern.ch/record/425460/files/CERN-2005-004.pdf
http://cds.cern.ch/record/603056/files/full_document.pdf
Software
OPA - Optics Design for Accelerators - Free (PSI) - will be provided during the lectures