Biophysics
Code: 100996 ECTS Credits: 6| Degree | Type | Year | Semester |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2500502 Microbiology | OT | 4 | 0 |
Contact
- Name:
- Josep Bartomeu Cladera Cerda
- Email:
- Josep.Cladera@uab.cat
Use of Languages
- Principal working language:
- catalan (cat)
- Some groups entirely in English:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Catalan:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Spanish:
- No
Teachers
- Mireia Duñach Masjuan
- Ramón Barnadas Rodríguez
- Josep Bartomeu Cladera Cerda
- Nuria Benseny Cases
Prerequisites
Students should have achieved a basic knowledge in general Physics, mastering concepts such as pressure, energy, power and intensity. It is important to have a previous knowledge of mechanical waves and optics. That is, to have acquired the theoretical knowledge and problem solving capacity as it is implemented for Physics in the ‘Batxillerat’ (Spanish/Catalan) program.
Objectives and Contextualisation
First year Biophysics for Biomedical Sciences students aims at explaining the structure-function of living organisms, especially the human body in its health and disease states, from the point of view of the application of the fundamental laws and principles of Physics. Emphasis is made on the use of tools to solve numerical problems and for the acquisition of a critical capacity to evaluate scientific results.
Competences
- Communicate orally and in writing.
- Develop critical reasoning skills in the field of study and in relation to the social context.
- Interpret, on a molecular scale, microbial mechanisms and processes.
- Obtain, select and manage information.
- Recognise the different levels of organization of living beings, especially animals and plants, diversity and bases of regulation of vital functions of organisms and identify mechanisms of adaptation to the environment.
- Use bibliography or internet tools, specific to microbiology or other related disciplines, both in English and in the first language.
- Work individually or in groups, in multidisciplinary teams and in an international context.
Learning Outcomes
- Communicate orally and in writing.
- Describe the fundamental physical principles that throw light on the functioning of the organism, both on the cell scale and the tissue scale.
- Develop critical reasoning skills in the field of study and in relation to the social context.
- Display knowledge of the biophysical principles behind molecular interactions and equilibria in health and in pathologies.
- Know and understand the physical principles behind the functioning of organs and systems of the human organism in health, such as vision, speech and hearing, respiration and blood circulation.
- Know the effects of the interaction of radiation and particles with living beings and relate these to their physical bases.
- Know underlying physiopathological causes of the most prevalent non-infectious diseases in the human population.
- Obtain, select and manage information.
- Use bibliography or internet tools, specific to microbiology or other related disciplines, both in English and in the first language.
- Work individually or in groups, in multidisciplinary teams and in an international context.
Content
1. ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVITY (5 H THEORY + 1 h numerical problems)
1.1. Nature and properties. X-rays. Production: the Coolidge tube. X-ray absorption. Radioactive emission. Exponential decay. Activity. Nuclear processes. Dose.
1.2. Interaction with living organisms. Radiolysis of water. Radiolysis of macromolecules. Biological effects. Biological dose. Relative Biological Efficiency.
1.3. Biomedical applications.
2. VOICE PRODUCTION AND AUDITION (5 H THEORY + 1 h numerical problems)
2.1. Sound quality: intensity, tone and timbre.
2.2. Voice production.
2.3. Auditory transmission mechanisms. The middle ear as an impedance adaptor. Frequance discrimination and localization in the inner ear. Sound sensation thresholds.
3. BIOPHYSICS OF VISION (5 H THEORY + 1 h numerical problems + 3.5 h lab teaching)
3.1 The eye as an optical system. Ocular Dioptric. Resting eye power. Accommodation. The crystalline. Image formation in the retina. Presbyopia. Refraction defects: Myopia, hypermetropia. Correction. Visual acuity.
3.2 The eye as a sensory receptor.
Visual fototransduction. Cones and rods. Rhodopsin and iodopsines. Transduction and signal amplification. Membrane hyperpolarization. Retina sensibility. Photopic and Scotopic vision. Sensibility curve. Light/darkness adaptation.
3.3 Color vision. Visual trivariance. Iodopsines absorption curves. Color vision anomalies.
4. BIOPHYSICS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (5 h theory + 1 h classroom practices + 2.5 h laboratory)
4.1. Fundamental principles of fluid statics and dynamics.
4.2.Energetics of laminar flow. Bernoulli equation.
4.3 Laws of circulation of real liquids. Traffic regimes. Viscosity. Pressure loss. Poiseuille Law. Hydrodynamic resistance.
4.4. Tension in the vascular wall. Laplace's law.
4.5. Effect of gravity on blood circulation.
5. BIOPHYSICS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. (5 hours of theory + 1 hour of classroom practices)
5.1 Structure of the respiratory tract.
5.2 Types of breathing. Effects of the external environment on respiration. Temperature and relative humidity regulation.
5.4 Respiratory mechanics.
5.5 The pulmonary surfactant.
5.6 Alveolar diffusion. Henry's law. Fick's law. Oxygenation of the blood in the states of health and disease.
6. THE THERMODYNAMICS AND THEIR LIVING (4h theory + 2h numerical problems)
6.1. Energy, heat and work. Heat capacity Useful work
6.2. Kinetic-molecular theory. Molecular kinetic energy and temperature.
6.3. Potential energy and chemical bond.
6.4. Internal energy. Enthalpy. 1st principle of thermodynamics.
6.5. Spontaneity. Entropy, disorder and probability.
6.6. Free energy. 2nd principle of thermodynamics.
6.7. Living organisms and the 1st and 2nd principles of thermodynamics.
7. TRANSPORT PHENOMENA (6h theory + 2h numerical problems + 4h lab teaching)
7.1. Simple diffusion
7.2. Diffusion through membranes.
7.3 Osmosis and dialysis phenomena.
7.4. Biomedical examples.
Laboratory teaching program.
Practice 1.- Optics of the eye. Formation of images in an eye model. Ametropic simulation: myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia.
Practice 2.- Application of the laws of circulation of real liquids and elasticity to the blood circulation. Check for the loss of pressure throughout the circulatory system, blood pressure and venous, effect of the elasticity of the vessels on the arterial and venous pressures. Establish the relationships between the elasticity of the vessels, flow, pressure and hemodynamic resistance.
Practice 3.- Diffusion through membranes: dialysis and osmosis. Experimental verification of the laws of diffusion and osmosis.
“Unless the requirements enforced by the health authorities demand a prioritization or reduction of these contents.”
Methodology
The student acquires the knowledge of the subject attending the theory lectures where it will be also guided on how and where to look for the formative complements to reach the objectives of the subject.
Through the seminars the student will be able to solve exercises and problems previously presented, with a closef interaction with the teacher.
Finally, the abilities related to this knowledge will be carried out in the practical teaching in the laboratory.
The theory lectures will be given with the whole group. Partitions of the group will be maced for problem seminars (2 groups) and for laboratory taeching (3 groups).
“The proposed teaching methodology may experience some modifications depending on the restrictions to face-to-face activities enforced by health authorities.”
Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.
Activities
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type: Directed | |||
| Laboratory teaching | 35 | 1.4 | 6, 5, 4, 2 |
| Theory lectures | 10 | 0.4 | 5, 4, 2, 3, 1, 10 |
| Type: Supervised | |||
| Problem resolution | 9 | 0.36 | 6, 5, 4, 3, 8, 1, 10, 9 |
| Type: Autonomous | |||
| Individual study. | 8 | 0.32 | 6, 5, 8, 10, 9 |
| Preparation of practical sessions and bibliography handling | 38 | 1.52 | 6, 5, 8, 1, 10, 9 |
| Problem resolution | 50 | 2 | 6, 5, 7, 4, 2, 8, 9 |
Assessment
Evaluation and qualification of the course
The course will be evaluated continuously throughout the course in two partial exams (P1 and P2) eliminatory of matter. It is necessary to obtain a grade equal to or greater than 4.5 in each partial to be able to do average. Each of these exams will have the same weight in the final grade of the course: 50% P1 + 50% P2. To pass the course, an average score of the 2 partial exams equal to or greater than 5.0 is required.
The characteristics of these exams will be similar and will consist of two different types: a multiple choice test where theoretical knowledge and short-resolution problems will be evaluated; and another written part where the knowledge acquired in laboratory practices and problem solving will be evaluated. The qualification of each of these parts will be:
- Evaluation of the multiple-choice typology: 60%. It will consist of multiple-choice questions, with 4 answers, of which 1, 2 or 3 may be true. The wrong answers will subtract proportionally.
- Evaluation of the written typology of the knowledge acquired in the laboratory and in problem solving: 40%.
Final recovery exam: In the case of not passing the course through continuous evaluation, there will be a final recovery evaluation of the partial exam with a grade lower than 4.5, mandatory to make average. Students with a mark higher than 4.5 and lower than 5.0 may choose to make the partial (or partials) they consider, knowing that, to pass the course, the final average must reach a minimum mark of 5.0. This exam will have similar characteristics to the ones carried out during the course. The student can perform this recovery exam as long as he has been previously evaluated for at least one of the partial exams. In this recovery exam, a score equal to or greater than 4.5 is necessary to average P1 and P2. In the case of recovering the entire course (P1 and P2), a grade ≥ 5.0 must be achieved to pass it.Students, who have passed the two eliminatory tests and want to improve their grade, will be able to take a final exam of the entire course (P1 and P2). In this case, the final grade will always be the one obtained in the last exam.
Evaluation result: Numerical note with one decimal, from 0 to 10. Qualification: failed, approved, remarkable, outstanding, honors.
Non-evaluable student: the student who does not meet the requirements to recover will be classified as "non-evaluable". The qualifications of "not evaluable" will be obtained when the student has not taken any of the partial evaluation exams (P1 or P2).
From the second enrollment: the student has the option of taking the final recovery exam directly, with no partials.
Exam review procedure: one day will be scheduled after each exam to review it. The review will be done individually with the students who request it.
"The proposed evaluation may undergo some modification depending on the restrictions imposed by the health authorities."
Assessment Activities
| Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partial and final practical teaching tests | 40% | 0 | 0 | 6, 5, 4, 8, 10, 9 |
| Partial and final theory tests | 60% | 0 | 0 | 6, 5, 7, 4, 2, 3, 8, 1 |
Bibliography
- BIOFÍSICA (tercera edició) A.Aurengo, T. Petitclerc. (2008), McGrawHill
- BIOFÍSICA (3a edició) A.S. Frumento. (1995), Mosby/Doyma Libros.
- FíSICA J.N.Kane, M.M.Sternheim. (1994), Ed. Reverté.
- FíSICA P.A. Tippler. (1992), Ed. Reverté.
- FÍSICA E INSTRUMENTACIONES MÉDICAS Juan R. Zaragoza. (1992), Ed. Masson.
- QUÍMICA PER A LES CIÈNCIES DE LA NATURALESA I DE L'ALIMENTACIÓ J. Saña. (1993), Ed. Vicens Vives.
- FÍSICA PARA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA (llibre de problemes) D. Jou, J.E. Llebot, C.Perez-García. (1994), Ed. McGraw-Hill.
- SPEECH SCIENCE PRIMER L.J. Raphael. (2007), Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- RADIOBIOLOGY FOR RADIOLOGIST E.J. Hall, AJ.Giaccia. (2006) Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Software
No specific software is needed