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2021/2022

Policing

Code: 100442 ECTS Credits: 6

Degree	Type	Year	Semester
2500257 Criminology	OB	2	1

The proposed teaching and assessment methodology that appear in the guide may be subject to changes as a result of the restrictions to face-to-face class attendance imposed by the health authorities.

Contact

Name:: Albert Vilatarsana Silvestre
Email:: Alberto.Vilatarsana@uab.cat

Use of Languages

Principal working language:: catalan (cat)
Some groups entirely in English:: No
Some groups entirely in Catalan:: Yes
Some groups entirely in Spanish:: No

Other comments on languages

Should the course be attended by international students, lectures and one of the seminars will be in Spanish.

Teachers

: Ferran Restrepo Arrufat

Prerequisites

No one.

Objectives and Contextualisation

This subject has as fundamental aim to offer an overview about policing in our society. That’s to say, its place in the Criminal Justice System, in the Public Administration, its relationships with the public, the functions performed by the police (preventative, reactive and supportive). The course also focuses on the scope and limit of police functions, the police culture, stressing what is common in all police organisation and what varies in function of the models and public policies.

As second objective, complementary to the previous one, this subject contextualises police, security and criminal justice as concentric circles (being security the largest). Students should clearly indentify police role within the framework of Criminal justice and security in general. They should also understand the meaning of its functions, namely, its relationship with crime and law and identify the main traits of the police organisation and those of other usual police partners, especially private security. Eventually students should have basic knowledge on security planning.

Competences

Ability to analyse and summarise.
Accessing and interpreting sources of crime data.
Applying a crime prevention program at a community level.
Carrying out the criminological intervention on the basis of the values of pacification, social integration and prevention of further conflicts.
Demonstrating a comprehension of the victim's needs on the basis of the knowledge of victimological theories.
Drawing up an academic text.
Identifying existing social resources to intervene in the conflict and criminality.
Students must demonstrate a comprehension of the best crime prevention and intervention models for each specific problem.
Students must demonstrate they know a variety of criminal policies in order to face criminality and its different foundations.
Students must demonstrate they know the legal framework and operating model of the crime control agents.
Using research methods in social sciences in order to diagnose criminality problems.
Verbally transmitting ideas to an audience.
Working autonomously.
Working in teams and networking.

Learning Outcomes

Ability to analyse and summarise.
Acting in a professional way in the criminological field for pacifying, social integration and delinquency-prevention purposes.
Applying a prevention program for crime control agents.
Appropriately applying social resources to criminality.
Appropriately managing a security or prevention team.
Correctly describing in the criminological field the legal-penal framework and crime control agents.
Demonstrating they know the means and scientific procedures of crime prevention.
Drawing up an academic text.
Effectively developing a delinquency prevention program in the community area.
Interpreting crime-related police reports.
Intervening in the criminological field for pacifying, conciliatory and crime-prevention purposes.
Knowing the structural prevention strategy of delinquency.
Properly using the criminological prevention and intervention programs.
Students must be capable of carrying out a security audit in the public field.
Using risk analysis methods in the field of safety.
Using the police analysis methodologies of crime investigation.
Verbally transmitting ideas to an audience.
Working autonomously.
Working in teams and networking.

Content

1. Police and security.

1.1. Security. From state security to citizens and human security.

1.2. Subjective and objective security. Instruments to measure it. The role of Mass Media.

1.3. Definition of security scope. From crime to peaceful living together.

1.4. The police. Function and structure.

1.5. Security and Police: An impossible equivalence. Plurality of actors: Administration, private sector, NGOs, associations.

1.6. Security planning.

2. Legal framework.

2.1. The growing internationalisation of policing. The Council of Europe, the European Union and international treaties.

2.2. The Spanish Constitution and further legislation and state and regional level. Sector regulations of security, no global one.

2.3. The Public Security System of Catalonia.

2.4. Cooperation Police-private security. Current regulation.

3. Police and Society.

3.1. Different models of relation between Police and Society. Public Service Model (Community policing), governmental police and professional police.

3.2. Police and the public : A controversial relationship. The inexistence of one only community.

3.3. Police as permanent public service. Virtues and dangers.

3.4. Legitimacy, Police auctoritas.

3.5. Police ethics : means and ends, corruption, gratuities. International texts.

3.6. Police accountability.

4. The Police and the law.

4.1. Police as Law Enforcement Agency.

4.2. The two dimensions of law: Formal legitimation and limit for police actions.

4.3. The impossible absolute enforcement of law.

4.4. Law as an insufficient approach to policing.

4.5. Police discretion.

5. Police and Crime.

5.1. Persecuting crime as police function : Myth or reality.

5.2. Crime prevention.Situational prevention. Is that the only way in which police can prevent crime?.

5.3. Police patrol and crime : from Kansas City to smart policing.

5.4. Disorder and crime. From broken windows to Zero Tolerance : an unproved connection.

6. Conflicts, incivilities and public order.

6.1. Police before conflicts and antisocial behaviour.

6.2. Public order in Democracy : Public security.

6.3. Public order strategies and tactics.

7. Police profession and organisation.

7.1 Police professional : culture and organisation.

7.2. Accessto Police. Single entrance versus double way.

7.3. Gender and Police.

7.4. Specialist versus generalist.

7.5. Central and territorial units : A permanent unfinished balance.

7.6. Special units : SWAT teams and internal affairs.

7.7. Non police personnel.

7.8. Police unions.

7.9. New internal partners : Guardians, auxiliary officers, voluntaries.

8. Police systems. Tendencies.

8.1. Governmental police : France, Italy, Spain and Portugal.

8.2. Police as public service. Community policing with local base : the United Kingdom.

8.3. A new basically local system : Belgium.

8.4 Federal systems: Germany, USA and Canada

8.5. A “de-centralised” system : Spain.

8.6. Importance of the local police area.

8.7. Towards a plural policing model.

Methodology

Statement :

Teaching will be face-to-face (classes and seminars).

1.- This work will consist of a reasearch and planning about a topic related to : Police incidence on security and criminality. A feasible strategy La incidencia de la actividad policial en la delincuencia. Student will choose the concrete topic among those proposed by the professor at the beginning of the course.

The work will consist of :

A) Definition of the concepts and state of the art (problem definition). It should include :

Legal rules on the topic.
Objective data on the topic (statistics, surveys).
Exisiting research.

B) Project planning. It should include :

Aim of the project.
Defintion of clear and concreta actions to be carried out to fulfil the aim.
Calendar of actions and project.
Clear definition of police role.
Role of the aditional actors.

C) Evaluation of the project. It should include :

Particular indicators that provide with precise information about how the project is working. Indicators have to be objectives (or objectivable), concrete and applicable.
Timing to collect data from the indicators.

D) Conclusions (when necessary).

2.- Two individual works will be carried out :

A) About the book "Modelos de policía. Hacia un modelo de seguridad global" (Guillén, 2016).

B) Reading and answering four questions related to two articles on predictive police and "hotspots policing".

Punctuality :

Classes start on time. Entry to class is not allowed once it has started.

Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Activities

Title	Hours	ECTS	Learning Outcomes
Type: Directed
Seminar sessions	19.5	0.78	2, 6, 1, 17, 19, 13
lectures	19.5	0.78	2, 6, 1, 17, 13
Type: Autonomous
Readings, study, papers preparation	74	2.96	2, 3, 6, 1, 18, 13
in group work	32	1.28	2, 6, 11, 8, 1, 19, 13

Assessment

Evaluation.

1. Evaluation model.

Evaluation is permanently ongoing and has as aim that studetns and professors can know in real time the degree of adquisition of competences so as to guide the formative process.

Professors will correct two individual works and will comment the general results. The work in group will be presented and discussed before all the students so all will get the information about the topic dealt with, and will be able to propose imporvements (all students have to attend all group presentations).

Participation will be evaluated from the contributions, intervention and presentations o students in class and seminars. Those student that don't observe the due silence in the classroom, will lose the percentage concerning participation.

2. Requirement to be evaluated.

First of all, students will only be evaluated if they attend 100% of classes. All absences should be justified only for reasons of illness or other force majeure and for academic reasons previously authorized by the faculty. If any student doesn't attend a minimum of 80% of docent activities will not be able to be evaluated and will be considered as "Not presented". Justified absences can not have a negative influence. Profesor should facilitate that students can cath up with has been done in sessions in which they were absent with a proper justification. The student must present a document that provides a valid justification.

Secondly, to be evaluated it is compulsory to carry out the two individual works. The two works willbe; a first one about a book on policing models and a a second work on predictive police.

All works should be presented in a Word document, whose name will consist of the family name of the student followed by his/her fist name andthe number of the work, in case it is an inidividual one (example: "Smith. Anna1.docx"). In case of the work in group thenameof the document willbethat of the title of the work. No work with a different format will be accepted.

3. Requirements to approve the course.

a) Individual works. The two works should get a minimum of 5 (out of 10). At the end of the course there will be a global qualication for the individual works an d recovery should also be global. It will not be possible to compensate a qualification inferior or equal to 3 with the qualification of the other work. In those cases it will be necessary a retake of the work.

However, in case that one of the works gets a satisfacotry mark and the other one a very low mark (3 or less), which makes compensation inacceptable, the professor may decide that the student makes a recovery (retake) work only about the topic of the work in which he/she got the very poor mark.

b) In group work. The qualification should be, at least, of 5 (out of 10).

c) Seminars (participation). Participation will be assessed by the students participation in classes and reflection works in the seminars.

d) Final written prove. It will consist of two parts :

1) A multiple choice exam with between 20 and 30 questions.

2) Two questions to be answered.

In order to pass the proveit is necessary to get a 5 (out of 10) in the overall of the two parts, but without getting less than 3 (out of 10) in any of them.

An student that cheats or attempts to cheat in the exam will get a 0, losing the right to a further retake. Plagiarism will imply a failure of the essay and in case of recidivism the student will get a final failure mark.

4. Retake.

If a student do not approve the individual works in the final global qualification should have the possibility to carry out a new exam to get a second chance to pass it.

The retake of individual works, globally considered, of the work in group and the final written provewill be carriedout during the weeks devoted to retaking. Students will be able to retake an ambit of evaluation by a written prove, except in the case of the in group work; in this case it will be necessary to remake the work following the indications of the professor.

With a failure in the individual works or in the final written exam (without retaking it) it will not be able to pass the course.

Assessment Activities

Title	Weighting	Hours	ECTS	Learning Outcomes
Exam	45%	5	0.2	2, 6, 1, 18, 13
Individual papers	30%	0	0	2, 4, 12, 6, 9, 5, 10, 11, 8, 1, 18, 13, 16
Participation in class	10%	0	0	2, 6, 1, 17, 13
in group work	15%	0	0	2, 3, 12, 7, 6, 11, 14, 1, 17, 19, 13, 15

Bibliography

Compulsory readings.

Guillén, F. (2012). Policia i seguretat. Servei Publicacions UAB.

Guillén, F.(2016) Modelos de policia. Hacia un modelo de seguridad plural. Bosch editores.

Reference books.

Fernández Justes, C, and Yñíguez, A. (2014). Gestió estratègica de la Policia. Organització de l'eficiència en el treball policial. Punto Rojo libros.

Medina, J.(2011). Políticas y estrategias de prevención del delito y seguridad ciudadana. Edisofer, editorial B de F. (chapter VII).

Newburn, T. (2005). Policing key Readings. Cullompton. Willan Publishing.

Newburn, T.(2008) Handbook of Policing. Cullompton. Willan Publishing.

Security.

Beck, U. (1998). La sociedad del riesgo. Paidós Básica.

Curbet, J. (2010). El rei nu. Una anàlisi de la (in)seguretat ciutadana. CCG Edicions (there is a Spanish version).

Ortiz de Urbina, I. and Ponce, J. (edit.) (2008) Convivencia ciudadana, seguridad pública y urbanismo. Diez textos fundamentales del panorama internacional. Diputació de Barcelona.

Shearing, C., and Wood, J. (2011). Pensar la seguridad. Editorial Gedisa.

Waller, I. (2008). Menos represión. Más seguridad. Verdades y mentiras acerca dela lucha contra la delincuencia. INACÌPE.

Waller, I. (2014). Control inteligente del delito. INACÌPE.

Private Security.

Ocqueteau, F. (2004) Polices entre État et Marché. Sciences Po.

Torrente, D. (2015). Análisis de la seguridad privada. Editorial UOC.

Police.

Barcelona, J. (2006). Sobre el modelo policial español y sus posibles reformas. Madrid. Fundación Alternativas. http://www.falternativas.org/laboratorio/documentos/documentos-de-trabajo/sobre-el-modelo-policial-espanol-y-sus-posibles-reformas

Bertaccini, D. (2009). La politica di polizia. Bononia University Press.

Carrer, F. (ed.). (2009). Le politique della sicurezza. Dalla "polizia comunitaria" alla "tolleranza zero". FrancoAngeli.

Carrer, F-, and Salomon, J.C (coords.) (2011). L'ordine pubblico. Un equilibrio fra il desordine sopportabile e l'ordine indispensabile. Franco Angeli.

Guillén, F. (2018). Desencuentros entra la Policía y el público. Factores de riesgo yestrategias de gestión. Bosch editor.

Jar,G. (2000). Modelos comparados de policía. Ministerio del Interior.

Kleinig, J. (1996). The Ethics of Policing. Cambridge University Press.

López Garrido, D. (1982) La Guardia Civil y los orígenes del Estado centralista. Grijalbo.

Lazuén, M.P. (1999) Cuerpos de Policía y Seguridad Ciudadana en España: Situación actualy perspectivas de futuro. Ministerio del Interior.

Loubet del Bayle, J.L. (2012). De la Police et du Contrôle social. Les éditions du CERF.

Loubet del Bayle, J.L. (2016). Sociologie de la Police. L'Harmattan.

Monjardet. D.(2011). Lo que hace la Policía. Sociología de la fuerza pública. Prometeo Libros.

Newburn, T. (2007). Criminology. Cullompton. Willan Publishing.

Reiner, R. (2010). The Politics of the Police. Oxford University Press.

Roché, S. (2016). De la Police en Démocratie. Bernard Grasset.

Tena J.A. (2002) Diccionario de expresiones y términos de interés policial y criminalístico. Tecnos.

Tyler, T.(1990). Why people obey the law. Yale University Press.

Tyler, T.R. (2003). Procedural Justice, legitimacy, and the Effective Rule of Law. Crime and Justice, 30, 283-357.

Union Européenne et sécurité intérieure: institutionalisation et fragmentation, en Politique Européenne, Núm. 23, Tardor 2007. L’Harmattan.

Vidales, Caty, y Carque, J.L. (coords.) (2014). Policía Comunitaria. Una policía para la sociedad del siglo XXI. Tirant lo Blanch.

Vilatarsana, A. (2015). La necessitat de construir un sistema de policia per a Catalunya. La coresponsabilitat del món local per aconseguir-ho. (Tesi de doctorat, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). https://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/298327#page=1

Vilatarsana, A. (2019). La tecnología tiene que ser un instrumento transformador de las organizaciones policiales. (Blog Notes de seguretat. Generalitat de Catalunya (entrevista)) : https://notesdeseguretat.blog.gencat.cat/2019/06/19/albert-vilatarsana-la-tecnologia-tiene-que-ser-un-instrumento-transformador-de-las-organizaciones-policiales/

Vollmer, A. (1936). The Police and ModernSociety. N.J. Patterson.

Wilson, J.Q (1968). Varieties of Police Behaviour. Harvard University Press.

Interesting webs.

Database on crime and security issues (managed by Crimina).

http://crimidata.com/

Bundeskriminalamt (BKA) (information available in French, English,Spanish and Russian, apart from German).

http://bka.de/

Catalan Home Office.

http://interior.gencat.cat

Catalan Home Office's Blog: Notes de Seguretat (two posts per week).