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2020/2021

Basic Advanced Pharmacology

Code: 42359 ECTS Credits: 9
Degree Type Year Semester
4311309 Pharmacology OB 0 1
The proposed teaching and assessment methodology that appear in the guide may be subject to changes as a result of the restrictions to face-to-face class attendance imposed by the health authorities.

Contact

Name:
Francesc Jiménez Altayo
Email:
Francesc.Jimenez@uab.cat

Use of Languages

Principal working language:
spanish (spa)

Teachers

Jordi Alberola Domingo
Antoni Barbadilla Prados
Anna Maria Bassols Teixidó
Victoria Clos Guillén
Jesus Giraldo Arjonilla
Marcel Jiménez Farrerons
Ignacio José Gich Saladich
Caridad Pontes García
Joan Seoane Suárez
Javier Cortés Castán

External teachers

P. DOcon

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of physiology, biochemistry and cell biology taught in degrees belonging to Health Sciences, Biosciences and Sciences.

Objectives and Contextualisation

Acquire the basic scientific knowledge of pharmacology and deepen into the knowledge of the physiological, biochemical and genetic concepts that support them. Introduction to the criteria for clinical use of drugs.

Competences

  • Capacitat d'anàlisi i síntesi.
  • Definir les diferents etapes del recorregut dels fàrmacs pel organisme, descriure les seves característiques i interpretar la seva relació amb l'efecte farmacològic.
  • Desenvolupar habilitats d'autoaprenentatge.
  • Desenvolupar un pensament crític i autocrític.
  • Recognise the criteria for the clinical use of drugs.
  • Recognise the scientific bases of pharmacology and the physiological, biochemical and genetic concepts that underpin it.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Analyse the drug-pharmacological effect relationship.
  2. Analyse the origin of variation in response to drugs.
  3. Capacitat d'anàlisi i síntesi.
  4. Define the different stages of drugs' transit through the organism.
  5. Describe the characteristics of drugs.
  6. Desenvolupar habilitats d'autoaprenentatge.
  7. Desenvolupar un pensament crític i autocrític.
  8. Explain the mechanism of action of drugs as modifiers of biological activity.
  9. Identify the principles of genetics, molecular biology and cell biology that underlie the structure, action and effects of drugs.
  10. Interpret the clinical implications of the basic concepts in pharmacology: clinical response and adverse effects.

Content

a) Pharmacokinetics: concepts, definitions, objectives and LADME processes. Release: concept and importance of galenic formulation, definitions (pharmaceutical form, formulation, etc.), impact of the pharmaceutical form on therapeutic efficacy, drug stability. Pharmaceutical forms: dissolution / suspension, topical administrations (emulsions, transdermal patches, solid formulations, new technologies). Absorption. Distribution. Metabolism. Excretion. Compartmental Models. Non-compartmental Models and independent model methods. Kinetics dose / dependent time. Kinetics of metabolites. Relation between kinetics and dynamics: PK-PD modeling. Clinical impact of pharmacokinetic parameters. Design of the posology guidelines: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors.


  b) Pharmacodynamics: definition and basic principles. Action and pharmacological effect. Concept of pharmacological selectivity and reversibility. Concentration curve / effect: description of the main parameters that describe this relationship. Pharmacological targets: receptors, enzymes, ion channels, carriers and cellular structures. Receptor-mediated actions: receptor concept, drug-receptor interaction (kinetic and occupational theories), agonism and pharmacological antagonism, structural characteristics of the main types of receptors. Receptor regulation: sensitization and desensitization, constitutive state of a receptor, reserve receptors. Pharmacological actions mediated by ion channels: types of ion channels. Enzyme-mediated pharmacological actions: different mechanisms of drug-enzyme interaction, types of enzymes as pharmacological targets. Pharmacological actions mediated by carriers. New pharmacological targets: genes, exogenous receptors. Temporary aspects of the pharmacological response: tolerance, sensitization.

c) Definitions and historical evolution. Basic elements of molecular biology, the human genome, protein biosynthesis. Pharmacogenetics: expression of polymorphisms with pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic implications. Impact of pharmacogenetics on therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. Pharmacogenomics. Pharmacoproteomics: protein configuration and therapeutic efficacy. Systems biology: metabolomics and cytomics. Personalized pharmacology. Bioethical aspects.

 
d) Clinical response to drugs and their measurement. Treatment of symptoms, modification of the evolution of the disease, healing and prevention. Clinical events versus subrogated variables. Adverse effects and their identification: toxic effects, classification of adverse effects according to different dimensions (mechanisms of production, frequency, severity, etc.), causality. The benefit / risk relationship in the administration of drugs. Overdose and poisoning: basic principles of intervention.
 
e) Patient's own factors (sex, age, race, etc.): examples. Factors characteristic of the patient's pathology (alterations of the organs and systems responsible for the absorption, distribution and elimination processes): examples. Pharmacological interactions with drugs and other substances: examples.

Methodology

The module's global mark is the arithmetic mean of all subjects’ marks within the module.

Activities

Title Hours ECTS Learning Outcomes
Type: Directed      
Clinical cases seminars 5 0.2 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10
Practical seminars 14 0.56 2, 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10
Theory lessons 49.5 1.98 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10
Type: Supervised      
Non-scheduled tutorials 3 0.12 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10
Paper revisions 16 0.64 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10
Scheduled tutorials 4 0.16 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10
Type: Autonomous      
Study, papers,.. 130 5.2 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Assessment

Each subject that composes the module is evaluated independently, and the module's global mark is the arithmetic mean of all subjects’ marks within the module. You must have attended at least 80 % of the sessions.

Assessment Activities

Title Weighting Hours ECTS Learning Outcomes
Attendance and active participation 40 % 0 0 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Exams 24 % 1.5 0.06 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10
Oral paper presentations 18 % 1 0.04 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10
Paper writing 18 % 1 0.04 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10

Bibliography

  • Malcolm Rowland , Thomas N. Tozer. Introduction to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: The Quantitative Basis of Drug Therapy. 2010.
  • José Domenech; José Martínez Lanao; Concepción Peraire. Tratado general de biofarmacia y farmacocinética. 2013.
  • BRUNTON, L.L. Goodman and Gilman: Las Bases Farmacológicas de la Terapéutica. Buenos Aires: Mc-Graw-Hill Interamericana, 12ª ed., 2012.
  • FLOREZ, J.; ARMIJO, J. A.; MEDIAVILLA, A. Farmacología Humana. Barcelona: Ediciones Científicas y Técnicas (Masson i Salvat), 6a ed., 2014.
  • RANG, H. P.; DALE, M. M.; RITTER, J.M.; FLOWER, R.J.; HENDERSON, G. Pharmacology, Edinburgh, Elsevier. Churchill-Livingstone, 8th ed., 2015.
  • Leff P The two-state model of receptor activation Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1995 Mar;16(3):89-97.
  • Giraldo J, Vivas NM, Vila E, Badia A Assessing the (a)symmetry of concentration-effect curves: empirical versus mechanistic models Pharmacol Ther. 2002;95(1):21-45.
  • Rovira X, Roche D, Serra J, Kniazeff J, Pin JP, Giraldo J Modeling the binding and function of metabotropic glutamate receptors J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008;325(2):443-56.
  • Rovira X, Pin JP, Giraldo J The asymmetric/symmetric activation of GPCR dimers as a possible mechanistic rationale for multiple signalling pathways Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010;31(1):15-21.
  • Roche D, Gil D, Giraldo J Mechanistic analysis of the function of agonists and allosteric modulators: reconciling two-state and operational models Br J Pharmacol. 2013;169(6):1189-202.
  • Roche D1, Gil D, Giraldo J Multiple active receptor conformation, agonist efficacy and maximum effect of the system: the conformation-based operational model of agonism Drug Discov Today. 2013;18(7-8):365-71.
  • Giraldo J Modeling cooperativity effects in dimeric G protein-coupled receptors Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2013;115:349-73.
  • Sánchez MB, Armijo JA. II Factores ambientales y sexuales. III Utilización de los fármacos en niños. IV Utilización de los fármacos en el anciano. V Utilización de los fármacos durante el embarazo. VI Utilización de los fármacos durante la lactància. En: Flórez J, Armijo JA, Mediavilla A (dirs.). Farmacología Humana. 6ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier 2014: 129-50.
  • Armijo JA. Influencia de los factores patológicos sobre la respuesta a fármacos y efectos iatrogénicos. En: Flórez J, Armijo JA, Mediavilla A (dirs.). Farmacología Humana. 6ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier 2014: 156-77.
  • De Cos MA. Interacciones de fármacos y sus implicacions clínicas. En: Flórez J, Armijo JA, Mediavilla A (dirs.). Farmacología Humana. 6ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier 2014: 178-92. 
  • How drugs act: general principles & How drugs act: molecular aspects. En  Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK. Rang y Dale’s Farmacología. 7th ed., Barcelona: Elsevier, 2013.
  • Acciones de los fármacos I. Interacciones fármaco y receptor & Acciones de los fármacos II. Dianas y mecanismos moleculares. En Flórez J, Armijo JA, Mediavilla A (dirs.). Farmacología Humana. 6ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier 2014.
  • JR Laporte, D Capellà. Mecanismos de producción y diagnóstico clínico de los efectos indeseables producidos por medicamentos. (http://www.icf.uab.es/ca/pdf/publicacions/pem/cap5.pdf). En JR Laporte, G Tognoni. Principios de epidemiología del medicamento, 2ª Ed. Free access at http://www.icf.uab.es/ca/pdf/publicacions/pem