Learning Outcomes

1. Adequately close surgical wounds of different considerations.
2. Analyse, synthesise and resolve problems and make decisions.
3. Apply and interpret control and surveillance systems in ICU, hospitalisation and surgery, specifically in complex interventions on animals with serious disorders of the general state or interventions in neurology, ophthalmology, traumatology and orthopaedics or special surgery.
4. Apply ethical values that govern the behavior of veterinarians in clinical practice in relations with other veterinarians.
5. Apply scientific method to professional practice, including medicine
6. Apply the concepts acquired for recognition and manipulation of instruments, manipulation of tissues, haemostasis, drainage and sutures, as well as helping effectively in surgical interventions recognising the typical instruments of surgical specialities (traumatology and orthopaedics, thoracic surgery, ophthalmology, neurology, exotic...).
7. Care for neonates after delivery or a caesarean.
8. Defend the ethical values that determine the decision making in diagnostic procedures, medical or surgical treatment or any medical procedure, subject to the rights of animals and their owners.
9. Define the general principles of special surgery (thoracic, tumours, special surgery of the digestive system...).
10. Define the problems found in physical examinations or clinical record of an animal, and produce a list of problems, differential diagnosis and the diagnostic protocol in all clinical specialities and for different species.
11. Determine the ideal positions to obtain radiographic images of the different pathological processes and X-rays and use and apply contrast methods in small, equine, exotic and zoo animals.
12. Diagnose and treat the main traumatology and orthopaedic disorders in small animals and equines.
13. Evaluate whether the concepts of asepsis-antisepsis, preparation of surgery and preparation of the surgical patient and the material and instruments to be used have integrated properly, along with their application to the operating theatre depending on the type of intervention and the animal species.
14. Explain the general principles of the medical and surgical treatments of traumatology and orthopaedic disorders in small, equine and exotic animals.
15. Fill in anamnesis and exploration records in all clinical specialities.
16. Fill in reports on surgical and diagnostic techniques used on patients.
17. Handle different autochthonous wildlife species in a safe way for them and the veterinarian.
18. Hold animals when performing examinations, caring or taking samples in a way that causes the minimum possible stress and be able to explain to other people how to do the same.
19. Identify and treat the processes that affect the reproduction apparatus of male and females in small, equine and exotic animals.
20. Identify the biopsy techniques that can be applied for obtaining samples of different organs and tissues.
21. Identify the conditions in which euthanasia is the only possible option, or the most suitable, depending on the general state of the sick animal and appropriately propose this to the owners.
22. Interpret the results of diagnostic tests (analytical tests, X-rays, echography, endoscopy, PCR, serology...) that are fundamental for advanced diagnosis in the medication and surgery of small, equine and exotic animals.
23. Monitor animals during surgical and/or anaesthetic recovery in different species, including wildlife.
24. Objectively evaluate the pain of sick animals and decide on the analgesia scheme depending on the species, age, location and cause of the pain and the state of the patient.
25. Perform a hemogram and blood test with emergency equipment, and recognise the limitations of these systems and defend interpretations.
26. Perform differential diagnoses and diagnostic plans, taking into account the available complementary techniques applied to all clinical specialities and different species.
27. Perform the basic surgical procedures of different clinical specialities and take samples in small, equine, exotic and zoo animals.
28. Plan the most suitable anaesthetic protocol depending on the animal species and the general state of the patient, as well as the type of intervention required.
29. Properly apply euthanasia to small, equine and exotic animals.
30. Properly apply knowledge acquired on sedation and pain therapy to interventions in the nervous system, ophthalmology, traumatology and orthopaedics, and special surgery.
31. Properly calculate the doses of medicine for different animal species. Know the limitations of some drugs depending on the species or even the breed, as well as the specific contraindications.
32. Properly treat wounds (cleansing, debridement and additional cures) and apply basic bandages.
33. Properly use all radiographic protection measures and describe applicable legislation.
34. Realise complete basic examinations in different clinical specialities (dermatology, neurology, ophthalmology, traumatology and orthopaedics...).
35. Recognise personal limitations and know when to ask for professional advice and help.
36. Recognise the adverse effects that different medications can cause and observe established pharmacovigilance legislation
37. Recognise the disorders that require urgent assistance and know how to prioritise them by severity.
38. Recognise the main problems that will require emergency surgery.
39. Recognise the moment when a case needs to be passed to a specialist for diagnosis and/or treatment, and if required, or not, an urgent examination.
40. Show responsibility regarding the need to perform necessary complementary tests on the patient and know how to evaluate the meaning and integrate it in the evolution of hospitalised patients of different species.