Biological Bases of the Human Body
Code: 102993 ECTS Credits: 9| Degree | Type | Year | Semester |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2500892 Physiotherapy | FB | 1 | 1 |
Errata
There has been changes in the teachers of the subject, the teachers Joaquima Navarro Ferreté (joaquima.navarro@uab.cat) i Vicenç Català Cahís (vicenc.catala@uab.cat) are added.
Contact
- Name:
- Gemma Manich Raventos
- Email:
- Gemma.Manich@uab.cat
Use of Languages
- Principal working language:
- catalan (cat)
- Some groups entirely in English:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Catalan:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Spanish:
- No
Teachers
- Bernardo Castellano López
- Carles Gil Giró
- Enrique Claro Izaguirre
- Maria Oliver Bonet
Prerequisites
There are no official prerequisites.
It is highly recommended that students have taken Biology in the High School.
Objectives and Contextualisation
The subject is programmed in the first year of the Degree in Physiotherapy and is part of the group of the subjects of basic training It constitutes, therefore, part of the scientific basis necessary for graduates in
Physiotherapy. Its general objectives are the study of the biochemical, cellular and histological fundamentals of the human organism, as an essential foundation for the knowledge of its composition and its functions.
Competences
- Analyse and synthesise.
- Develop independent learning strategies
- Display knowledge of the morphology, physiology, pathology and conduct of both healthy and sick people, in the natural and social environment.
- Display knowledge of the sciences, models, techniques and instruments around which physiotherapy is structured and developed.
- Solve problems.
Learning Outcomes
- Analyse and synthesise.
- Develop independent learning strategies
- Explain the functioning of the the human body in health in order to have a sound basis for understanding the processes that induce disease.
- Explain the fundamental biochemical principles of the functioning of the human body.
- Explain the theories of cell biology, envisioning the cell as a functional unit.
- Identify life-threatening situations and perform basic and advanced life support manoeuvres.
- Identify physiological and structural changes that can take place as a result of the injury and/or disease process in the different systems.
- Solve problems.
Content
In this area, the study of the cell is intended as a functional unit, the biochemical foundations of the cell functioning of the human body and human histology. The study of the operation of the different systems of the human body. In addition, general physiopathology will be studied and deepened in the inflammation and tissue repair processes, pain, infection, fever and aseptic condition. Basic life support, neoplasic pathophysiology, immunodeficiencies and blood groups will be also studied.
1.- BIOCHEMISTRY. (module coordinator: Carles Gil Giró, carles.gil@uab.cat)
Distributive areas:
I. Structure and Function of Biomolecules
- Water, weak acids and biological buffers.
- Amino acids, peptides and proteins.
- Three-dimensional structure of proteins.
- Proteins with structural function: Colleagen.
- Proteins with catalytic function: Enzymes.
- Hormones, embrane receptors and cell signaling.
- Nuclotides and nucleic acids.
- Glucides.
- Lipids.
II. Introduction to metabolism
- Definition of nutrients, foundations of digestion and absorption of nutrients
- General principles of bioenergetics. Role of ATP in energy transfers
- General characteristics of intermediate metabolism: catabolic and anabolic pathways
III. Metabolism of carbohydrates
- Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
- Metabolism of carbohydrates: Glucolysis, gluconeogenesis and metabolism of glycogen
- Cycle of tricarboxylic acids
- Mitochondrial electronic transport and oxidative phosphorylation
IV. Metabolism of lipids
- Digestion, absorption and transport of lipids in the diet
- Metabolism of lipids with energy and reserve function
- Cholesterol metabolism
- Transport of lipids in the blood: lipoproteins
V. Metabolism of nitrogen compounds
- Nitrogen balance. Exogenous and endogenous origin of amino acids
- Metabolism of amino acids
- Nitrogen derivatives of amino acids
VI. Integration and control of metabolism
- Metabolic characteristics of some tissues: Liver, muscle, adipose tissue, brain
- Metabolic interrelations between the tissues during the fasting-starvation cycle
- Hormonal and metabolic changes during exercise
2.- CELLULAR BIOLOGY. (module coordinator: Maria Oliver Bonet, maria.oliver@uab.cat)
Distributive areas:
I. Levels of cell organization
- General organization of the cell
- General characteristics of prokaryotic cells
- General characteristics of eukaryotic cells
II. Membrane plasmatic and internal membranous system
- Functions of the Cell Membrane
- Chemical composition, structure and macromolecular organization of the plasma membrane. Lipids and proteins of the plasma membrane
- Transport of small molecules, macromolecules and particles. Endocytosis, pancocytosis, phagocytosis, exocytosis
- Glycocalix
- Internal compartmentation: internal membranous system, membrane flow, protein trafficking between compartments
- Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Structure and functions
- Golgi apparatus: Structure and functions
III. Mitochondria and peroxysomes
- External and internal membranes and mitochondrial intermembrane space. Mitochondrial Array
- Function and Biogenesis
- Transport of mitochondrial proteins
- Mitochondrial diseases
- Morphology of Peroxisomes. Structure, composition and function. Peroxisomal diseases
IV. Cytosol and Cytoscheleton
- Structural organization of the cytosol. Functions
- Synthesis and folding of proteins. Modifications of proteins. Ubiquitination
- Actin filaments: Structure and chemical composition. Actin stable and unstable filaments. Functions
- Microtubules. Structure and chemical composition. Stable and stable microtubules. Functions
- Intermediate Filaments: Structure and chemical composition. Type and location
V. Cell adhesion
- Membrane adhesion and cellular molecules
- Types of Unions: occlusives, anchorage, cell-cell adhesives, matrix cell adhesives, and communicants
VI. Core. Nuclear activity
- Nuclear envelope. Nuclear matrix and matrix
- Nucleoplasm. Structure and organization of the chromatin of the nucleus: hereditary material
- Chromatin activity: Transcription and maturation, replication
VII. Mitosis and Meiosis
- Mitotic division. Phases of mitosis: Profase, promethase, metaphase, anaphase, thermophase
- Chromosomic condensation cycle. Cycle of fragmentation and assembly of the nucleus wrap. Cytokinesis
- Meiosis; comparison between mitosis and meiosis. Premeiotic interface
- First meiotic division. Profase I: stadiums. Organization of chromatin. Role of chiasma. Synapsis and meiotic recombination
- Second meiotic division
- Introduction to Genetics and Inheritance. Set of characters that transmit individuals to offspring
- Introduction to Genetics and Inheritance. Set of characters that transmit individuals to offspring depending on the segregation of the genome and genetic laws.
3.- HISTOLOGY. (module coordinator: BernardoCastellano,bernardo.castellano@uab.cat)
Area distribution:
I. Introduction to the tissues of the human body
- Introduction to Histology. Definition of tissue.
- Classification of the basic tissues
- Histological processing
II. Nervous system
- Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral (SNP)
- Basic structure of the CNS: white substance and gray substance
- Main areas of the CNS and its organization
- Description of the main constituent elements of the SNP: spinal and visceral ganglia, plexus and nerves
III. Locomotive apparatus
- Structure of the bones and joints
- Tendons and fascia
- Skeletal muscular fibers and their types
- Neuromuscular joints
IV. Cardio-respiratory system
- Components of the cardiovascular system
- Blood and lymph vessels
- Organization of the cardiac wall
- Elements of the driving system of the heart
- Components of the respiratory system: trachea, bronchial system and lungs
V. Genitourinary tract
-Microscopic structure of the kidney
- Urinary tracts: tunics
-Histological structure of the male and female genital tract
Methodology
As stated in the table
Due to the pandemic situation, the laboratory practices (8h) from Histology will be replaced by specialized seminars.
Activities
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type: Directed | |||
| Class practices | 7 | 0.28 | 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 |
| LABORATORY PRACTICES (PLAB) | 8 | 0.32 | 1, 2, 7, 8 |
| Specialyzed seminars | 11 | 0.44 | 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 |
| Theory | 40 | 1.6 | 1, 4, 5 |
| Type: Autonomous | |||
| Elaboration of dossiers | 19 | 0.76 | 1, 4, 5, 8 |
| Individual study | 134 | 5.36 | 1, 4, 5, 8 |
Assessment
In this subject, each thematic block (Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Histology) is evaluated independently in two calls.
The first evaluation will be done at the end of each thematic block, and will release subject matter corresponding to them if the grade is equal to or greater than 5.
The second call will be the final exam of the three thematic blocks, which will be assessed independently in a single session. To this announcement will be able to present the students who want to improve the note obtained in the partial exams. Introducing the improvement of the note means giving up the note obtained in the partial one. You can improve the notes of each thematic block independently. To pass the final exam you will have to obtain a minimum of 5 in each one of the modules or thematic blocks.
The final grade of the subject results from the average of the notes of the three thematic blocks, if no block obtains a note less than 5. In the case that the note of one or more thematic blocks is less than 5, the Final note will be "Fail." The subject will be passed for approval if the resultant note of the average of the three modules is equal or superior to 5.
From the second enrollment, repeating students will only have to evaluate the specific blocks that were not been passed. This exemption will be maintained for a period of three additional courses.
Evaluation system:
THEORY: Written evaluation using objective tests, multiple selection items or essay tests Restricted questions with an approximate global weight between 70 and 80%.
PRACTICE: Evaluation of practical sessions and practical cases using objective tests
Writings, test tests for restricted questions, which are complemented with item proofs
Multiple choice or alternate response items with an approximate weight of between 10 and 25%.
Attendance and active participation in class and seminars, with an approximate global weight of 5%.
Failure to attend any orall of the parts of the final exam will correspond to a final grade of "No evaluable ".
- Evaluation of Biochemistry:
THEORY:
- Final exam, which can represent between 70-100% of the final mark. This exam includes a multi-answer test and a part of conceptual questions / problems. The average of the two sides gives the note of the exam.
SEMINARS:
- Continuous assessment exercises associated with the seminars, which can represent between 0-30% of the final note. Only the continuous evaluation note will be considered when it is higher than the grade of the final exam, and therefore helps to increase the final grade.
The final mark of the Biochemistry module will have a value of 33.3% of the mark of the subject.
- Evaluation of cell biology:
THEORY:
- This consists of one multi-answer. This exam will evaluate the content corresponding to theory (80%) and seminars (20%). If the note is less than 5, then there will be a second evaluation that can be a short conceptual question test or an oral exam. This exam allows students who want to improve the note of the multitest exam, but involve that they renounce to their previous mark.
Applying for this exam means giving up the test exam mark.
CLASSROOM PRACTICE:
- It will be volunteer and on-line. Students will work in teams to develop a study on three diseases that will be proposed. Depending on the quality of the work, students may improve their mark on Cell Biology. This increase can be as much as 0.3 points, corresponding to a 10% of the total mark.
The final note of the Cell Biology module will have a value of 33.3% of the mark of the subject.
- Evaluation of Histology:
THEORY:
- Final exam, true / false type test, which corresponds to 50% of the note.
SEMINARS:
- Continuous assessment exercises associated to seminars to be solved through the Moodle platform ,which correspond to 50% of the mark. The mark of the continuous assessment part will average with the final test final mark, always when this last note (final exam type test) is at least 4.
The final grade of the Histology module will have a value of 33.3% of the mark of the subject.
Assessment Activities
| Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of the practical sessions | 10-25% | 3 | 0.12 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 6, 8 |
| Written evaluation using tests | 70-80% | 3 | 0.12 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 6, 8 |
Bibliography
LEHNINGER. PRINCIPIOS DE BIOQUIMICA. Nelson, Cox. Ed. Omega, 5ª ed. 2007 -
BIOQUIMICA. LIBRO DE TEXTO CON APLICACIONES CLINICAS. Devlin. Ed. Reverté, 4ª ed. 2004 -
BIOQUIMICA. TEXTO Y ATLAS. Koolman, Röhm. Ed. Médica Panamericana, 3ª ed. 2004 2-
ESSENCIAL CELL BIOLOGY. Alberts et al. Ed. Garland Science, 4th ed. 2014 -
INTRODUCCIÓN A LA BIOLOGIA CEL.LULAR. Alberts et al. Ed. Panamericana, 2ª ed. 2008 -
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL. Alberts et al. Ed. Garland Science, 6ª ed. 2015 -
LA CÉLULA. Cooper & Hausman. Ed Marbán, 6ª ed. 2014 -
INTRODUCCIÓN AL CUERPO HUMANO. FUNDAMENTOS DE ANATOMÍA Y FISIOLOGIA. Tortorra y Derrickson. Ed. Panamericana, 7ª ed. 2008 3
HISTOLOGIA Y BIOLOGIA CELULAR. Kierszenbaum y Tres. Editorial Elsevier Saunders, 2016, 4ª edición.
ROSS. HISTOLOGIA: TEXTO Y ATLAS. Pawlina W. ED. WOLTERS KLUWER HEALTH, 2020, 8ª Edición.