Laboratory I
Code: 100980 ECTS Credits: 3| Degree | Type | Year | Semester |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2500502 Microbiology | OB | 1 | 1 |
Contact
- Name:
- Maria Ramos Martínez Alonso
- Email:
- Maira.Martinez@uab.cat
Use of Languages
- Principal working language:
- catalan (cat)
- Some groups entirely in English:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Catalan:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Spanish:
- No
Teachers
- Octavi Martí Sistac
- Laura Tusell Padrós
- Andros Maldonado Linares
- Carla Canal Capdevila
- Francesc Muñoz Muñoz
- Natalia Sánchez de Groot
Prerequisites
Students are advised to review the scientific-theoretical content on which this course is based.
It is also advisable that this course be taken simultaneously or subsequently to the rest of the courses scheduled for the first semester of the first year of the degree in Microbiology.
In order to take this course, students must pass the safety and biosafety tests before the first practical session, which will be found in the corresponding educational Moodle space. The pdf documents generated when passing the tests must be presented on the first day of class. Also, it is necessary to know and accept the operating rules of the laboratories of the Faculty of Biosciences. In addition, it is imperative that the student follows the rules of work indicated by the teaching staff. For safety reasons, if the two tests have not been passed, or the student does not wear a lab coat and safety glasses, access to the lab will not be allowed.
Objectives and Contextualisation
This is a compulsory, nuclear course of the degree of Microbiology, which introduces students, together with the course Laboratorio Integrado II, in the experimentation in a Biology laboratory. It is therefore a course of lab work in which the scientific-technical concepts with the practices are continually related. The skills and knowledge acquired enable the student to attend the rest of practical courses that make up the degree in Microbiology.
Objectives of the subject:
- Apply spectrophotometry as a method of quantifying biomolecules.
- Separate and analyzepolypeptides by denaturing electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel (PAGE-SDS).
- Perform some of the most common chromatography in the analysis and separation of biomolecules.
- Perform simple enzymatic trials that allow analyzing the catalytic capacity of enzymes.
- Familiarize the student with the use of conventional optical microscope by observing different cellular structures as well as visualizing different biological processes.
- Introduce some of the techniques used in electronic microscopy to identify different structures and cell organs in microfotografies
- Know how to apply basic histological techniques for microscopic diagnosis.
- Identify to the microscope various animal tissues and their cellular and extracellular components.
- Correct use of optical material for wildlife observation (binocularmagnifier, microscope)
- Know how to use some basic techniques and electrophysiology to acquire physiological variables in humans.
- Study the cardiovascular adaptation to physical exercise in healthy individuals, and conduct an experiment in this sense, following the principles of the scientific method.
- Know how to analyze statistically the physiological data obtained and write a report.
- Know the use of dichotomous keys for the determination of animals.
- Recognize the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the different animal groups
- Identify and locate the species of animals observed taxonomically.
- Integrate the experimental data withthe theoretical information of the processes analyzed.
Competences
- Apply knowledge of theory to practice
- Communicate orally and in writing.
- Design experiments and interpret the results
- Develop critical reasoning skills in the field of study and in relation to the social context.
- Display sensibility towards environmental, health and social matters.
- Identify and solve problems.
- Recognise the different levels of organization of living beings, especially animals and plants, diversity and bases of regulation of vital functions of organisms and identify mechanisms of adaptation to the environment.
- Use molecular and immunological techniques in the characterisation of microorganisms and materials of biological origin.
- Work individually or in groups, in multidisciplinary teams and in an international context.
Learning Outcomes
- Apply knowledge of theory to practice
- Apply suitable methodologies for identifying and classifying animals and plants.
- Carry out functional tests and determine, assess and interpret vital parameters in animals and plants.
- Communicate orally and in writing.
- Design experiments and interpret the results
- Develop critical reasoning skills in the field of study and in relation to the social context.
- Display sensibility towards environmental, health and social matters.
- Identify and solve problems.
- Identify suitable techniques for detecting, quantifying and purifying biological molecules and for determining protein structure.
- Isolate and culture cells and tissues from multicellular organisms.
- Obtain, use, conserve and observe animal and plant specimens.
- Work individually or in groups, in multidisciplinary teams and in an international context.
Content
The course is made up of five modules with the contents indicated below*:
Module 1. Cell Biology
Session 1: Introduction to the conventional optical microscope: the plant cell.
Session 2: Introduction to the conventional optical microscope: the animal cell.
Session 3: Introduction to the electronic microscope.
Session 4: Mitotic cell division: obtaining temporary preparations of meristematic weed root tissue.
Session 5: Meiotic cell division: study of meiotic preparations for lobster testicle.
Module 2. Zoology
Session 1: Introduction to animal parasitism: Observation and recognition of Platihelmints and Nematodes.
Session 2: Observation and recognition of Moluscos and Anélidos
Session 3: Observation and recognition of Arthropods
Session 4: Observation and recognition of Cordats
Module 3. Animal Histology
Session 1: Initiation to the histological techniques for the processing of animal material. Microscopic identification of the epithelial, connective and adipose tissues.
Session 2: Elaboration and staining of blood smear of sheep. Microscopic identification of the blood and cartilage and bone tissues.
Session 3: Microscopic identification of the muscular and nervous tissues.
Module 4. Animal Physiology
Session 1: Effects of physical exercise oncardiovascular physiology in humans.
Session 2: Acquisition and study of the human electrocardiogram in various situations.
Session 3: Statistical analysis of the data obtained, interpretation of the results and extraction of conclusions.
Module 5. Biochemistry
Session 1: Determination of the concentration of glucose by a colorimetric method and preparation of buffer dissolutions. Spectrum of absorption of a compound derived from glucose.
Session 2:Chromatography of gel filtration, and electrophoresis of PAGE-SDS
Session 3: Enzymatic acid phosphatase activity. Determination of initial velocities to calculate kinetic parameters.
*Unless the requirements enforced by the health authorities demand a prioritization or reduction of these contents.
Methodology
This course will be taught in small groups of students with a maximum of 24 students per laboratory session.
Laboratory, dates and oficial schedule for the performance of the lab sessions are detailed in the Moodle space of the course and in the space of the Degree.
Each student is assigned to a group for all lab sessions and will not be able to move to another group without the permission of the person in charge of the subject.
In order to acquire the skills of the course the attendance to all practices is mandatory and it must be with punctuality. Once the teacher has begun the explanation of the session, the entrance of students in the classroom will be not allowed. If a student, due to justified and unforeseeable cause, has not been able to attend a practical session, he/she must contact the professor responsible for the course and present the corresponding justification. In this case, a new day will be assigned to retake the practice. If the practice is no longer taught and the student can not do it, it will not be counted as a lack of assistance. It is understood by justified cause: health problems (the corresponding medical justification must be presented) or serious personal problems.
Students will have a Manual of Practical sessions for each Module before the beginning of the correspondinh module. It is a requirement that the student read comprehensively the protocol of practices prior to their attendance at each session.
It is compulsory for students to wear his or her own lab coat in all practical sessions that are carried out in the laboratory, and also laboratory glasses in the sessions indicated by the teaching staff. In addition,each studentwill have to bringthe corresponding Practices Manual that will be available in the Moodle platform, and a notebook to note the results of the work.
The tutorials will be carried out at the office of the teaching staff and / or using the TICs.
The proposed teaching methodology may experience some modifications depending on the restrictions to face-to-face activities enforced by health authorities.
Activities
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type: Directed | |||
| Laboratory introduction | 1 | 0.04 | |
| Laboratory seasons of module 1. Cell biology | 10 | 0.4 | 1, 10, 6, 5, 8, 11, 4, 12, 7 |
| Laboratory seasons of module 2. Zoology | 10 | 0.4 | 1, 2, 6, 5, 8, 11, 4, 12, 7 |
| Laboratory seasons of module 3. Animal histology | 10.5 | 0.42 | 1, 10, 6, 5, 8, 4, 12, 7 |
| Laboratory seasons of module 4. Animal fisiology | 10.5 | 0.42 | 1, 6, 5, 3, 8, 4, 12, 7 |
| Laboratory seasons of module 5. Biochemistry | 12 | 0.48 | 1, 6, 5, 8, 9, 4, 12, 7 |
| Type: Supervised | |||
| Tutorials | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 2, 10, 6, 5, 3, 8, 9, 11, 4, 12, 7 |
| Type: Autonomous | |||
| Problem solving | 3 | 0.12 | 1, 2, 10, 6, 5, 3, 8, 9, 11, 4, 12, 7 |
| Study | 8 | 0.32 | 2, 10, 3, 9, 11 |
| Written work | 4 | 0.16 | 1, 2, 10, 6, 5, 3, 8, 9, 11, 4, 7 |
Assessment
The evaluation of the course will be continued. The weight of the evaluation of each module is 20% of the final mark of the course and each of the practical modules must be passed with a score equal or superior to 5.
The evaluation of each module will be done in the following way*:
Module 1. Cell Biology: At the end of each practical session the student will have to complete a questionnaire in order to assess if he/she has assimilated the specific objectives that have been worked on. The practical note of the Cell Biology module will be calculated as the average grade of the 5 practice questionnaires.
Module 2. Zoology: At the end of each practice the student will have to answer a questionnaire to evaluate that he/she has achieved the knowledge and the specific skills of each practice.The grade of this module will be calculated from the average mark of the questionnaires.
Module 3. Animal Histology: The evaluation system is organized in the following sections:
1) Assessment of the contents at the end of each practice (50% of the mark). This test consists of a questionnaire and the recognition of microscopic structures. The grade in this section is obtained from the average mark obtained in each practice.
2) Global microscopic diagnostic test (50% of the mark).
In order to be able to gauge the notes obtained in each section, it will be essential that the student obtains a score equal to or greater than 4 points (out of 10) in each of them. Students who have obtained a final grade of less than 5 (out of 10) will have to take a recoveryexam, which willconsist of a microscopic diagnostic test and a questionnaire.
Module 4. Animal Physiology: The continuous draw up of the practices report will be evaluated, with their final delivery, which will include a part (60% of the mark) made in reduced groups (about 4 people) and an individual part / by pairs (40% of the mark), following the ad hoc guide that the professor will provide. The mark of the report may be modulated by the assessment of the student’s attitude during the practical sessions.
Module 5. Biochemistry: The attitude of the student in the laboratory will be assessed, such as timeliness, carrying the Manual previously worked at home for the student, and his work in the laboratory. The student the day after the practical session will deliver a questionnaire that will be answered outside the laboratory. The evaluation of the attitude will represent 25% of the mark, and the evaluationof its degree of use, through the questionnaire presented, will represent the other 75% of the note in this module.
*Student’s assessment may experience some modifications depending on the restrictions to face-to-face activities enforced by health authorities.
General Issues:
Since attendance to the activities programmed in this course is mandatory, the absence of any of the sessions must be justified and may not exceed 20%. In order to be able to pass the subject, it is required global attendance of at least 80% of the programmed sessions and obtain the minimum qualification fixed for each module.
The teaching staff can penalize non-correct attitudes of the student in the laboratory, such as the lack of punctuality, non-fulfilment of safety and biosafety regulations or the inappropriate use of the material and laboratory devices, lowering the final mark of the course.
It will be considered that a student obtains the Non-evaluable qualification when he/she has attended less than 80% of the scheduled sessions.
Students who do not pass the evaluation of one or more modules of the course can retake them at the scheduled date at the end of the semester. The reassessment of moduless 1 (Cell Biology), 2 (Zoology), 4 (Animal Physiology) and 5 (Biochemistry) will consist of a written exam where the concepts worked in the practical sessions will be evaluated. The reassessment of module 3 (Animal Histology) will consist of a microscopic diagnostic test.
Students who do not obtain the minimum qualification required to be able to pass each one of the modules of the integrated laboratory will not pass the course although the average mark of the different modules is greater than 5. In this case, the final maximum grade of the course will be a 4.
Since this course is differentiated in modules, from the second enrolment, the repeating students will only have to evaluate the specific modules that have not been passed.
Assessment Activities
| Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of Module 1 | 20% | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 10, 4 |
| Evaluation of Module 2 | 20% | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 2, 6, 11, 4, 7 |
| Evaluation of Module 3 | 20% | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 6, 3, 8, 4 |
| Evaluation of Module 4 | 20% | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 6, 5, 3, 8, 4 |
| Evaluation of Module 5 | 20% | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 6, 5, 8, 9, 4, 12 |
Bibliography
Recommended books
Modules 1 i 3.
Boya, J.: Atlas de Histología y Organografía microscópica (ed. Panamericana).
Eroschenko, V.P.: Di Fiore’s atlas of Histology (ed. Lea and Febiger).
Gartner, L.P. y Hiatt, J.L.: Atlas color de Histología (ed. Panamericana).
Kühnel, W.: Atlas color de Citología e Histología (ed. Panamericana).
Stanley, L.E. y Magney, J.E.: Coloratlas Histología (ed. Mosby).
Young, B. y Heath, J.W.: Histología funcional (Wheater) (ed. Churchill Livingstone).
Module 2.
Barnes, R. Zoología de los Invertebrados. 7ª ed. McGraw-Hill (2009).
Barrientos, J.A. Curso Práctico de Entomología. Manuals de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Asociación Española de Entomología, CIBIO-Centro Iberoamericano de Biodiversidad & Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (2004).
Chinery, M. Guía de los insectos Europa. Ed. Omega (1988).
Hickman, C.P.Jr., Roberts, L.S., Keen, S.L., Larson, A., L’Anson, H., Eisenhour, D.J. Zoología. 14a ed. McGraw-Hill (2009).
Munilla, T. Prácticas de Zoología General I. Invertebrados no Artrópodos. Ed. Oiokos-Tau (1992).
Module 4.
López, J i Fernández A. Fisiología del ejercicio. 3a ed., Médica Panamericana (2006).
Fox, SI. Fisiología humana. 10a ed., McGraw-Hill/Interamericana de España (2008).
Guyton, AC i Hall, JE. Tratado de fisiología médica. 11a ed., McGraw-Hill Interamericana (2006).
Silbernagl, S i Despopoulos, A. Fisiología: texto y atlas. 7a ed., Editorial Médica Panamericana (2009).
Tortora, GJ i Derrickson, B. Principios de anatomía y fisiología. 11a ed., Médica Panamericana (2006).
Module 5.
McKee, T i McKee, JR. "Bioquímica. La base molecular de la vida" (2009). 4ª edició. McGraw-Hill-Interamericana.
Murray, RK i col. "Harper. Bioquímica ilustrada" (2013). 29ª edició. McGraw-Hill-Interamericana.
Nelson, DL and Cox, MM. "Lehninger-Principles of Biochemistry". (2013) 6ª ed. Freeman. Traducció: Nelson, DL and Cox, MM. "Lehninger-Principios de Bioquímica". (2009) 5ª. ed. Ed. Omega.
Tymoczko, JL, Berg, JM, Stryer, L. "Bioquímica. Curso básico". (2014). Reverté
Horton, HR, Moran, LA, Scrimgeour, KG, Perry MD, Rawn JD. "Principios de Bioquímica". 2008. 4ª ed.Prentice-Hall. Pearson Educación. México
Voet, D, Voet, JG. "Biochemistry" (2010), 4rta ed. Wiley