Titulació | Tipus | Curs | Semestre |
---|---|---|---|
4313137 Prehistòria, Antiguitat i Edat Mitjana | OT | 0 | 1 |
No en té.
L'objectiu d'aquest mòdul és que l'estudiant sigui capaç d'analitzar els materials procedents dels jaciments arqueològics prehistòrics i gestionar correctament el seu estudi. Es realitzarà una visió àmplia de les estratègies de recerca de les evidències materials, amb especial èmfasi en l'anàlisi dels recursos biòtics: arqueozoología, arqueobotànica, arqueobioquimica i la arqueoantropología. S'abordarà la classificació de materials arqueològics, els mètodes d'anàlisi, l'estudi dels indicadors biològics de les categories artefactuals biòtics més habituals en els jaciments arqueològics prehistòrics. En tots els casos es tindrà en compte tant la recopilació i elaboració de la documentació de camp com el seu tractament al laboratori, a nivell teòric i pràctic.
Continguts ARQUEOANTROPOLOGIA
1. Introducció a l’osteologia humana i l’anatomia funcional en bioarqueologia.
2. Crani: pràctiques d’identificació i determinació de sexe i edat.
3. Antropometria i trets epigenètics: aplicacions en estudis d’ascendència i filiació.
4. Postcrani: pràctiques d’identificació i determinació de sexe i edat.
5. Pràctiques funeràries: tafonomia cadavèrica i esquelètica; articulacions làbils i persistents; descomposició en medi tancat i obert; inhumacions col·lectives i secundàries.
6. Paleopatologia: ontogènia, anomalies òssies i diagnòstic diferencial; marcadors posturals i laborals; fractures i indicadors de violència física.
CONTINGUTS ARQUEOBOTÀNICA
1 Introducció a les categories de restes arqueobotàniques. Presentació de les principals categories de restes que es poden recuperar en els contextos arqueològics: macrorestes vegetals (carbons, fustes i llavors), microrestes vegetals (pol·len, fitòlits i midons). Corrents actuals en l’estudi de les restes arqueobotàniques.
2 Els processos de formació dels conjunts arqueobotànics. Sessió teòrica pràctica. Les activitats humanes i els processos de treball que generen restes de plantes, aportacions de l’etnografia. Els processos físico químics que afecten a la conservació de les restes, aportacions de l’experimentació. Mostreig i mètodes de recuperació de restes durant l’excavació. Pràctiques de tria de restes arqueobotàniques.
3 Antracologia i dendrologia: Sessió pràctica. Preparació de mostres. Anatomia de les fustes i criteris per a la determinació de les espècies. Dendrometria i criteris per a la determinació de les característiques morfomètriques de les fustes.
4 Paleocarpologia: Sessió pràctica. Criteris per a la determinació dels cereals i les lleguminoses. Biometria.
CONTINGUTS ARQUEOZOOLOGIA
1. Introducció. Esquelet animal, estructura i desenvolupament ossi. Principis d’identificació, taxonomia. Determinació de l’edat i sexe. Desenvolupament dental i fusió òssia. Histogrames d’edat.
2. Estudi de la variabilitat animal: anàlisi biomètrica, morfometria geomètrica, biomecànica i microestructura òssia.
3. Estudi de la gestió i producció animal: variabilitat anatòmica i taxonòmica dels conjunts de restes de fauna. Paleopatologia animal. Microdesgast dentari i anàlisis biogeoquímiques.
4. Estudi de l’organització i consum humà: arqueotafonomia, anàlisi espacial i anàlisi espectroscòpic de la matèria òssia.
CONTINGUTS ARQUEOBIOQUÍMICA
1. Anàlisi d’isòtops estables (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O y 87Sr/86Sr) i bioarqueologia: línies generals
2. Bases fonamentals de l’anàlisi: Urey (1947) i Calvin (1961)
3. Primeres propostes d’integració en Arqueologia (Robert Hall, 1967) i innovació ’80 i ’90
4. Teoria i nomenclatura; exemples de fraccionament isotòpica
5. Propostes bioarqueològiques: restes analitzables, resolució temporal, preservació de la senyal
6. Fauna com a subjecte d’estudi: reconstitucions paleocològiques i clima; caracterització gestió i explotació poblacions animals.
7. Nous reptes
CONTINGUTS: LA PALEODIETA I L’US DE PLANTES ABANS DE L’AGRICULTURA
1. Introducció: Perquè és important estudiar la paleodieta
2. Mètodes d’estudi
3. La dieta i l’evolució dels homínids del Plio-Pleistocè
4. L’ús de plantes com alimentació i medecina fins el desenvolupament de l’agricultura
6. Pràctiques: laboratori i microscopi
Activitats dirigides:
- Classes introductòries sobre els plantejaments teòrics i metodologics de l’assignatura.
- Seminaris de discussió
- Pràctica de laboratori
Activitats supervisades:
- tutories i exercicis pautats d'aprenentatge (individuals o en grups reduïts)
Activitats autònomes:
- cerca de documentació, lectura de textos, redacció de treballs, estudi
Títol | Hores | ECTS | Resultats d'aprenentatge |
---|---|---|---|
Tipus: Dirigides | |||
Classes expositives, seminaris i pràctiques | 37,5 | 1,5 | 1, 3, 4, 7, 8 |
Tipus: Supervisades | |||
Tutorització | 37,5 | 1,5 | 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Tipus: Autònomes | |||
Preparació proves i treballs | 65 | 2,6 | 2, 5, 6, 7 |
Realització de les pràctiques a l’aula 30%
Exercicis escrits i presentacions de treballs 70%.
Les pràctiques no són recuperables.
Títol | Pes | Hores | ECTS | Resultats d'aprenentatge |
---|---|---|---|---|
Comentaris de text | 35 | 3,5 | 0,14 | 2, 3, 7 |
Presentacions públiques | 25 | 2,5 | 0,1 | 3, 5, 6, 7 |
Treballs individuals i en grup | 40 | 4 | 0,16 | 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 |
BIBLIOGRAFIA ARQUEOANTROPOLOGIA
BAXARIAS, J. y HERRERÍN, J. (2008), The handbook atlas of Paleopathology. Portico, Zaragoza.
BOTELLA, M.C., ALEMÁN, I. y JIMÉNEZ, S.A. (1999), Los huesos humanos. Manipulación y alteraciones. Ed. Bellaterra, Barcelona.
BUIKSTRA, J. i UBELAKER, D.H.(eds) (1994), Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains. Proceedings of a Seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History organized by Jonathan Haas, Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Serie nº 44, Indianapolis.
CAMPILLO, D. i SUBIRÁ, M. E. (2004), Antropología física para arqueólogos. Ariel, Barcelona.
DUDAY, H. (2009), The Archaeology of the Dead: Lectures in Archaeothanatology. Oxbow Books, Londres.
KATZENBERG, M. A. i SAUNDERS, S. R. (eds.) (2008), Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton. 2ª ed.,Wiley-Liss, Hoboken.
MARTIN, D.L. i HARROD, R.P. (2015), “Bioarchaeological contributions to the study of violence”, Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 156: 116-145.
MARTIN, D.L., HARROD, R.P. i PÉREZ, V.R. (2013), Bioarchaeology. An integrated approach to working with human remains. Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory and Technique, Springer, Nova York.
ORTNER, D.J. (2003), Identification of paleopathological conditions in human skeletal remains, Smithsonian Institution, Washington.
ROBERTS, Ch. A. (2009), Human remains in archaeology: a handbook. Council for British Archaeology, col. Practical Handbooks in Archaeology, nº 19, York.
SCHAEFER, M., BLACK, S. i SCHEUER, L. (2009), Juvenile osteology. A laboratory and field manual. Academic Press, Londres.
STODDER, A.L.W., i PALKOVICH, A.M. (eds.) (2012), The bioarchaeology of individuals. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
TERMCAT (1993), Diccionari d’anatomia, Colecció Diccionaris terminològics, Fundació Barcelona, Barcelona. URL <http://www.termcat.cat/es/Diccionaris_En_Linia/182/>
WALDRON, T. (2009), Palaeopathology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
WEISS, E. (2009), Bioarchaeological Science. What we have learned from human skeletal remains. Nova Science, Nova York.
WHITE, T. D. (1991, 2011 -3ª ed.-), Human Osteology, Academic Press, Nova York.
BIBLIOGRAFIA ARQUEOZOOLOGIA
I. Publicacions introductòries
English Heritage (2014). Animal Bones and Archaeology: Guidelines for Best Practice. London: English Heritage.
REITZ, ELIZABETH J., I ELIZABETH S. WING. (2008). Zooarchaeology, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
RUSSELL, NERISSA (2011). Social Zooarchaeology: Humans and Animals in Prehistory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
2. Classificació anatòmica i taxonòmica
BARONE, R. (1976). Anatomie comparée des mammifères domestiques. Tome I Ostéologie (2 fascicules). París, Vigot Freres Editeurs.
GEHR, KEITH D. (1995). Bones: A field and laboratory guide for the identification of the postcranial bones of the mammalian skeleton. Bare Bones Publications, Auburn, Washington.
GILBERT, B. M. 1980. Mammalian osteology. B. Miles Gilbert, Laramie, Wyoming.
HILLSON, SIMON W. (1990). Teeth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K.
SCHMIDT, E. (1972). Atlas of animal bones for prehistorians, archaeologists and quaternary geologists. Elsevier Publishing, Amsterdam.
SERJEANTSON (2009). Birds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
WHEELER, A. and JONES, A. (1989). Fishes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Best general text book).
3. Edat i sexe
AMOROSI, T. (1989). A postcranial guide to domestic neo-natal and juvenile mammals: the identification and aging of old world species. B.A.R international series, Oxford.
JONES, G. and SADLER, P (2012). Age at death in cattle: methods, older cattle and known-age reference material. Environmental Archaeology 17(1) 11-28.
LEGGE, A J (2013). ‘Practice with Science’:molar tooth eruption ages in domestic, feral and wild pigs (Sus scrofa). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 23(3) 1099-1212.
PAYNE, S. (1973) 'Kill-off patterns in sheep and goats: the mandibles from Asvan Kale', Anatolian Studies 23 pp281-303.
POPKIN, P, BAKER, P, WORLEY, F, PAYNE, S and HAMMON, A (2012). The sheep project (1): determining skeletal growth, timing of epiphyseal fusion and morphomentric variation in unimproved Shetland sheep of known age, sex, castration status and nutrition. Journal of Archaeological Science 39: 1775-1792.
PRUMMEL, W. (1987). "Atlas for the identification of foetal skeletal elements of cattle, horse, sheep and pig. Part 1". Archaeozoologia, 1, 1: 23-30.
RUSCILLO, D. (Edt.) (2005). Recent advances in ageing and sexing animal bones, Oxbow Books, Oxford.
TWISS, K.C. (2008). An assessment of the archaeological applicability of faunal ageing methods based on dental wear. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 18, 329-351.
WILSON, B., C. GRIGSON and S. PAYNE (editors) (1982). Ageing and sexing animal bones from archaeological sites. BAR British Series 109, Oxford, U.K.
4. Biometria
ALBARELLA, U (2002). Size matters: how and why biometry is still important in zooarchaeology. In Dobney, K and O'Connor, T (Eds.) Bones and the Man: Studies in honour of Don Brothwell. Oxford: Oxbow 51-62.
DAVIS, S (1996). Measurements of a group of adult female shetland sheep skeletons from a single flock: a baseline for zooarchaeologists. Journal of Archaeological Science 23: 593-612.
EVIN, A., CUCCHI, T., CARDINI, A., STRAND VIDARSDOTTIR, U., LARSON, G. and DOBNEY, K. (2013). The long andwinding road: identifying pig domestication through molar size and shape. Journal of Archaeological Science, 40, 735-743.
MEADOW, R. (1999). The use of size index scaling techniques for research on archaeozological collections from the Middle East, in Historia Animalium ex Ossibus, Beitrage zur Palaeoanatomie, Archaeologie, Agyptologie, Ethnologie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin, (eds) C. Becker, H. Manhart, J. Peters, and J. Schibler. Rahden: Verlag Marie Leidorf.
5. Tafonomia
BAR-OZ, G. and N.D. MUNRO (2004). Beyond cautionary tales: a multivariate taphonomic approach for resolving equifinality in zooarchaeological studies. Journal of Taphonomy, 2, 201-221.
BINFORD, L.R. (1981). Bones - Ancient Men and Modern Myths. Academic Press.
CONARD, N., WALKER, S. and KANDEL, A. (2008). How heating and cooling and wetting and drying can destroy dense faunal elements and lead to differential preservation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.
FISHER, J. W. 1995. Bone surface modifications in zooarchaaeology. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 2.1, 7-68.
JANS, M., NIELSEN-MARSH, C., SMITH, C., COLLINS, M. and KARS, H. (2004). Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone. Journal of Archaeological Science 31, 87-95.
LYMAN, R. L. (1994). Vertebrate taphonomy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
MADGWICK, R and MULVILLE, J (2015). Reconstructing depositional histories through bone taphonomy: Extending the potential of faunal data. Journal of Archaeological Science 53: 255-263.
MAREAN, C.W. (1991). Measuring the postdepositional destruction of bone in archaeological assemblages. Journal of Archaeological Science, 18, 677-694.
O'CONNOR, T. (Edt.) (2004). Biosphere to Lithosphere: New Studies in Vertebrate Taphonomy, Oxbow Books.
6. Traces antròpiques
GIFFORD-GONZÁLEZ, D. (1993). Gaps in zooarchaeology analysis of butchery: Is gender an issue? In: Hudson, J. (ed.): From Bones to Behavior: Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental Contributions to the Interpretation of Faunal Remains: 181-199. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale
GREENFIELD, H.J. (1999). The origins of metallurgy: distinguishing stone from metal cut-marks on bones from archaeological sites. Journal of Archaeological Science 26, 797-808.
KOON, J., NICHOLSON, R. and COLLINS, M. (2003). A practical approach to the identification of low temperature heated bone using TEM. Journal of Archaeological Science 31: 1393-1399.
O'CONNOR, T.P. (1993). Process and terminology in mammal carcass reduction. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 3,63-68.
OUTRAM, A.K. (2001). A new approach to identifying Bone Marrow and Grease exploitation: why the “indeterminate” fragments should not be ignored. Journal of Archaeological Science 28: 401-410.
PEARCE, J. & LUFF, R. (1994). The taphonomy of cooked bone, in: LUFF, R. & ROWLEY-CONWY, P. (Edts.): Whither environmental archaeology ?. Oxbow Monograph, 38: 51-56.
RUSSELL, N., MARTIN, L.A. (2012). Cooking Meat and Bones at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey. In S. R. Graff and E. Rodríguez-Alegría (eds) The Menial Art of Cooking: Archaeological Studies of Cooking and Food Preparation, 87-97. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.
SPETH, J.D. (2000). Boiling vs baking and roasting: a taphonomic approach to the recognition of cooking techniques in small mammals, in Rowley-Conwy, P. (ed), 89-105. Animal Bones, Human Societies. Oxford: Oxbow Books
7. Quantificació i estadística
LYMAN, R.L. (2008). Quantitative paleozoology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
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RECURSOS DIGITALS
http://www.wsl.ch/land/products/dendro/
BIBLIOGRAFÍA ARQUEOBIOQUÍMICA
- Course Geol. 656 Isotope Geochemistry; Lecture 34; Spring 2003 > Stable Isotopes in Paleontology and Archaeology.
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