Degree | Type | Year | Semester |
---|---|---|---|
2502442 Medicine | OB | 2 | 1 |
A good knowledge of Catalan and Spanish is indispensable, vehicular languages in which the classes will take place.
It is advisable that the students have a good knowledge of English, since many of the information sources of this subject are in this language.
It is convenient that the student has achieved basic skills in Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
It is convenient that the student knows the basic principles of genetics.
The subject is scheduled in the second year of the Medicine degree. Its general objective is to give students all the necessary information that will allow them to acquire knowledge about the organization, function and regulation of genes in normal conditions and will enable them to understand the mechanisms involved in genetic-based diseases.
The student will acquire advanced knowledge about human genome; epigenetics and regulation of gene expression; mutation and repair of DNA; pharmacogenomics; forensic genetics; genetics of development; inheritance patterns; cytogenetics; rare diseases; cancer genetics and population genetics.
Subject contents:
Genome and gene expression
1. Human genome I
2. Human genome II
3. Control of gene expression
4. Epigenetics
5. Variability in gene expression
Mutation and repair of DNA
6. Molecular basis of the mutation
7. Mechanisms of DNA repair
8. Pharmacogenomics
Cytogenetics
9. Unbalanced structural chromosomal alterations
10. Balanced structural chromosomal alterations
11. Numerical chromosomal anomalies
12. Microduplication / deletion syndromes. Rare diseases
Inheritance patterns
13. Autosomal inheritance
14. Heredity linked to sex
15. Multifactorial inheritance
16. Mitochondrial inheritance
Population genetics
17. Population's genetics
18. Forensic genetics
Genetics of development
19. Genomic imprint
20. Genes of control of embryonic development
Genetics and genomics of cancer
21. Cancer genetics I
22. Cancer genetics II
Distributive blocks:
I-1. Human genome I: general characteristics, protein coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, splicing, genome transcription.
I-2. Human genome II: repetitive elements, regulatory elements, genome variability.
I-3. Gene expression: mechanisms of control and regulation of gene expression, microRNA and lncRNA, RNA editing.
I-4. Epigenetics: epigenetic factors, modification of DNA, modification of histones, inactivation of chromosome X.
I-5. Variability in gene expression: genotype-phenotype relationships, multiple allelomorphism, phenotype of heterozygotes, reduced penetrance, variable expressivity, pleiotropy, heterogeneous.
II-6. Molecular bases of the mutation: concept and types of mutations, sequence mutations, structural mutations, chromosomal mutations, nomenclature of mutations, mutagenic agents.
II-7. Mechanisms of DNA repair: cellular response to genetic damage, main mechanisms of DNA repair, diseases associated with errors in DNA repair.
II-8. Pharmacogenomics: response to drugs, polymorphisms of metabolizing molecules, transporters and drug receptors, pharmacological targets.
III-9. Unbalanced structural chromosomal alterations: origin, deletions, duplications, ring chromosomes, isochromosomes, phenotypic effects, nomenclature.
III-10. Balanced structural chromosomal alterations: pericentric and paracentric inversions: origin, risk of anomalies in offspring; reciprocal translocations: origin, balanced carriers and risk of anomalies in offspring; Robertsonian translocations: origin, balanced carriers and risk of anomalies in offspring; phenotype of balanced structural anomalies.
III-11. Numerical chromosomal anomalies: polyploidies; aneuploidies: origin and consequences; mosaics, trisomies and viable monosomies in the human species, molecular bases of the Down and Turner syndromes.
III-12. Genetic bases of microduplication / deletion syndromesand rare diseases: definition and characteristics, examples, genetic counseling, genetic analysis.
IV-13. Autosomal inheritance: detection of genetic diseases in medical practice, characteristics and pattern of transmission of autosomal dominant inheritance, characteristics and transmission pattern of autosomal recessive inheritance, detection of heterozygotes in the population.
IV-14. Heredity linked to sex: inheritance linked to the recessive and dominant X chromosome, inheritance linked to the Y chromosome.
IV-15. Multifactorial inheritance: heritability, search for candidate genes, genetic and environmental basis, normal characters of continuous variability, multifactor alterations with threshold, common diseases that affect the adult population.
IV-16. Mitochondrial inheritance: mitochondrial DNA, characteristics of mitochondrial inheritance, pattern of transmission of mitochondrial alterations, mitochondrial diseases.
V-17. Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg law, allelic frequencies, genotypic and phenotypic, calculation of the frequency of carriers in autosomal recessive and X-linked diseases, factors that alter the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applied to the profiles of DNA
V-18. Forensic genetics: concept of polymorphism, identification of DNA polymorphisms, applications to the practice of forensic medicine.
VI-19. Genomic imprint: concept, genes and imprinted chromosomal regions, alterations influenced by imprinting.
VI-20. Genes of control of embryonic development: general characteristics, transcription factors and signal molecules, HOX genes.
VII-21. Cancer genetics I: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, types of cancer, accumulation of somatic mutations in the tumor cell, genomic alterations and cancer.
VII-22. Cancer genetics II: carcinogenesis models, solid tumors, hematological neoplasms.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Unless the requirements enforced by the health authorities demand a prioritization or reduction of these contents
Theoretical classes: 22 sessions. Systematized exposition of the syllabus of the subject, giving relevance to the most important concepts. The students acquire the basic scientific knowledge of the subject in theory classes, which will complement the personal study of the topics discussed. Students can find a summary of the material used in class in the Virtual Campus and / or Moodle before or after the lecture.
Seminars: 5 sessions. Exhibition, in small groups, of relevant subjects of the subject and clinical cases. This methodology will allow students to review the most important or most basic topics necessary for understanding the subject.
Classroom practices (problems): 4 sessions. Exposition and resolution of cases and genetic problems presented by the professor.
Laboratory practices: 3 sessions. Exposure and application of the different techniques used in basic and molecular cytogenetics, and their clinical applicability.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Prior to the completion of laboratory practices, students must have completed the test that certifies the knowledge of the contents of the risk prevention manual and upload it to the Virtual Campus and / or Moodle. They are essential requirements to perform practices 1 and 2 take a lab coat and show the teacher a signed copy of the risk prevention test.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The proposed teaching methodology may undergo some modification depending on the attendance in person restrictions imposed by the health authorities.
Annotation: Within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.
Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|
Type: Directed | |||
CLASSROOM PRACTICES (PAUL) | 4 | 0.16 | 1, 20, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17 |
LABORATORY PRACTICES (PLAB) | 8.5 | 0.34 | 1, 3, 4, 5, 12, 15 |
SEMINARS (SEM) | 5 | 0.2 | 1, 3, 8, 6, 10, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 |
THEORY (TE) | 22 | 0.88 | 1, 3, 8, 6, 7, 10, 9, 14, 13, 15, 16 |
Type: Supervised | |||
TUTORIES | 14 | 0.56 | 1, 20, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17 |
Type: Autonomous | |||
READING ARTICLES / REPORTS OF INTEREST | 20 | 0.8 | 1, 9, 11, 17 |
READING ARTICLES /REPORTS OF INTEREST | 21 | 0.84 | 1, 6, 9, 13, 17 |
WORK PREPARATION | 10 | 0.4 | 4, 9, 11, 17 |
Evaluation
A. The competences acquired in theory classes, seminars and classroom practices (or genetic problems) of this subject will be evaluated as follows:
1. Continuous evaluation: it will be divided into two partial exams:
First partial:
• Multiple choice objective test of the knowledge acquired in theory classes (topics 1-12) and seminars 1 and 2. This test must be passed with a grade of 5 or higher. This test corresponds to 35% of the final grade of the subject.
Second partial:
• Multiple choice objective test of the knowledge acquired in theory classes (topics 13-22) and seminars 3, 4, and 5. This test must be passed with a grade of 5 or higher. This test corresponds to 35% of the final grade of the subject.
• Objective written test of questions related to classroom practices. This test corresponds to 10% of the final grade of the subject.
2. Final exam: Students who are in the following situations may be presented to the final exam:
• Students who have obtained a grade below 5 of the theory part and seminars in any of the two partials.
• Students who have obtained a grade equal to or greater than 5 of the theory part and seminars in both partial tests but have not passed the subject.
• Students who want to upload a grade of one or both of the partials, or of the classroom practices or problems. The grade obtained in the final exam will be maintained.
This exam contains:
• Multiple choice objective test corresponding to each partial. The student will choose to perform one or both tests depending on their situation. This test must be passed with a grade of 5 or higher. Each test will correspond to 35% of the final grade of the subject.
• Objective written test of questions related to classroom practices. This test corresponds to 10% of the final grade of the subject.
B. The competences acquired in the laboratory practices will be evaluated by continuous evaluation through a written test at the end of each practice. The average of the three tests corresponding to the three laboratory practices will be used to obtain the final grade. It is not necessary that the average of the three tests equal or exceed 5 to pass the course. Failure to show up to practice and, therefore, not perform the corresponding written test, represents a 0 in that laboratory practice.
The repeating students will only have to return to those lab sessions in which they have not reached a grade equal to or higher than 6 in the test of the corresponding practice, provided that this mark has been obtained in the last two years
The final grade will be obtained as follows:
Theory and seminar tests: 0 70% of the final grade
Tests of classroom practices: 10% of the final grade
Tests of laboratory practices: 20% of the final grade
* To pass the subject it will be necessary to obtain a global grade equal to or greater than 5 out of 10.
* For the final exam, from a score of 4.8 inclusive, it will be possible to make an average between the two partials if said average is equal to or greater than 5.
* The "Non-evaluable" will reflect the non-attendance to the final exam of recovery for students who have not passed the subject previously in the partial exams or who have to evaluate the whole subject through the final exam of recovery.
C. In the case that the student does not exceed the assessment requirements of the subject and its average grade of is greater than 5, the final grade cannot be higher than 4.8.
D. Those students with three failed calls may apply to perform a special synthesis exam that will include the entire subject.
Review of the exams
After each one of the exams of the subject, the review of the exam will be convened during which the students will be able to consult their exam and, if necessary, make a written and reasoned claim.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The proposed assessment may be modified if the restrictions imposed by the health authorities require a prioritization or reduction of such content.
Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lecture: Written assessments through objective tests: multiple choice items | 70% | 6 | 0.24 | 1, 2, 3, 8, 6, 7, 10, 12, 14, 13, 15, 16, 19 |
Practice: written assessments through objective tests: Practical cases solving | 20% | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 20, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 9, 11, 12, 15, 18, 17 |
Problems: written evaluations through objective tests: Problem solving | 10% | 1 | 0.04 | 3, 10, 14, 13, 15 |
Bibliography
Specific bibliography:
Peter D. Turnpenny, Sian Ellard. Emery's elements of medical genetics, 15th edition, Elsevier 2018, ISBN:9788491132066
Lynn B. Jorde, John C. Medical genetics. 5th ed., Elsevier, 2016, ISBN:9788491130581
Tom Strachan, Judith Goodship and Patrick Chinnery. Genetics and genomics in medicine. London : Garland Science, cop. 2015, ISBN:9780815344803
Tom Strachan and Andrew Read. Human molecular genetics. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. ISBN:9780815345893
Ricki Lewis. Human genetics : concepts and applications. New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Education, 2018. ISBN:9781259700934
Robert L. Nussbaum, Roderick R. McInnes, Huntington F. Willard. Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine. Elsevier 2016. ISBN:9781437706963
Bruce R. Korf, Mira B. Irons. Human genetics and genomics. 4th edition. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. ISBN:9780470654477
T. A. Brown. Genomes 4. Garland Science, 2017, Fourth edition. ISBN:978081534508
Reference bibliography:
Lewis. Human Genetics. Concepts and applications. 9ª ed. McGraw-Hill International edition, 2010
Read A and Donnai D. New Clinical Genetics. 2nd edition. Scion Publishing Ltd, 2011
Internet resources:
http://www.nature.com/nature/supplements/collections/humangenome/index.html.
http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/map_search.cgi?chr=hum_chr.inf&query
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/human
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim
http://www.geneclinics.org
Miscrosoft programs, essentially PowerPoint, will be used to carry out the main lectures. Lecture presentation and PLAB booklet can be visualized with Adobe Reader.
CodonCode Aligner (Demo version): This software will be used on a PAUL.
If video conferencing is required, Teams will be used.