Pathological Clinical Concepts Diagnosis Techniques
Code: 103015 ECTS Credits: 6| Degree | Type | Year | Semester |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2500892 Physiotherapy | FB | 2 | 1 |
Contact
- Name:
- Roser Belmonte Martinez
- Email:
- Roser.Belmonte@uab.cat
Use of Languages
- Principal working language:
- catalan (cat)
- Some groups entirely in English:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Catalan:
- No
- Some groups entirely in Spanish:
- No
Teachers
- Miguel Angel Rubio Perez
External teachers
- Ferran Escalada Recto
- Marta Tejero Sanchez
Prerequisites
Students taking this subject should know basics of Biochemistry, Physiology and Human Anatomy in order to interpret the concepts of diseases that are susceptible to physiotherapy treatment.
Objectives and Contextualisation
The basic objectives are that students are able:
- To understand the most prevalent physiological and functional changes of the organs and systems in order to understand the basic concepts of medical and surgical diseases.
- To recognize and interpret the symptoms and the alarm signs derived from illnesses in the field of knowledge involved in physiotherapy.
Competences
- Analyse and synthesise.
- Develop independent learning strategies
- Display knowledge of the morphology, physiology, pathology and conduct of both healthy and sick people, in the natural and social environment.
Learning Outcomes
- Analyse and synthesise.
- Develop independent learning strategies
- Explain the physiopathology of the principal diseases that can be treated by physiotherapy and identify the symptoms that appear during the process.
Content
Dr. Miguel Angel Rubio
miguelangel.rubiop@e-campus.uab.cat
UNIT 1 GENERALITIES
General Pathology, concept and relationship with other disciplines. The sick human being. Concepts of health and illness. Concepts of nosology, nosothagia, pathocronia, etiology, pathogenesis, semiology, physiopathology, semiotics.
UNIT 2 PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND AGING
The living, mechanical, physical and chemical agents as a cause of illness. Endogenous factors of the disease: general principles of genetics. Types of genetic diseases. Constitution and illness. Immunological mechanisms of the disease.
Cell injury and cell death. Aging: physiological and pathological aspects.
UNIT 3 SEMIOLOGY
General symptoms. Pathophysiology of pain, definition, type and general semiology. Fever: concept, causes and mechanisms. Febrile syndrome. Inflammation: concept, causes, types, mediators and clinical manifestations. Edema: concept, pathogenesis and semiology.
UNIT 4 RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGY
Anatomical and functional aspects of the respiratory system. Ventilation control mechanisms. Ventilation disorders. Disorders of obstructive and restrictive ventilation. Diffusion disorders. Alveolar-capillary exchange disorders. Perfusion disorders and their relationship of ventilation / perfusion.
Hypoxia. Types of hypoxia. Hypoxia compensation mechanisms. Consequences of hypoxia. Concept and physiopathology of cyanosis. Types of cyanosis: central or arterial and peripheral or venous. Hypercapnia: concept, mechanisms, causes and consequences.
Pathophysiology of dyspnea and respiratory rhythm disorders. Concept, evaluation and mechanisms of dyspnea. Dyspnea more frequent causes and clinical implications.
Main symptoms of the respiratory system pathology. Mechanisms and causes, semiology meaning of cough, sneeze, expectoration and hemoptysis. Thoracic pain. Clubbing and asterixi.
Pathophysiology of pulmonary circulation. Thromboembolism and pulmonary infarction. Pulmonary hypertension: concept, mechanisms, causes and consequences. Pulmonary edema: concept, mechanisms, causes and consequences.
Respiratory system syndromes. Respiratory insufficiency: concept and pathophysiologic classification. Respiratory insufficiency with and without hypercapnia. Ethiopathogenic classification.
Pathophysiology of main pulmonary syndromes: emphysema, atelectasis, condensation, fibrosis and cavitation. Aerial hyperactivity syndrome. Bronchitis. Bronchial asthma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Physical examination of the respiratory system. Other diagnostic procedures: radiology, and pulmonary function tests.
UNIT 5 CARDIO CIRCULATORY PATHOLOGY
Anatomical and functional basis of the cardiovascular system. The heart cycle. Heart output: influential factors. Mechanisms of compensation for heart failure: Hypertrophy. Tachycardia Increased contractility.
Pathophysiology of cardiac rhythm and heart rate disorders. Mechanisms and causes of arrhythmias. Pathophysiology of blood pressure. Hypertension: mechanisms, causes and consequences. Hypotension: mechanisms, causes and consequences.
Chronic widespread circulatory insufficiency syndrome: congestive heart failure. Acute generalized circulatory insufficiency syndrome: shock and syncope.
LocalizeAL PATHOLOGYd circulatory insufficiency syndrome: coronary insufficiency. Circulatory insufficiency of limbs.
Physical examination of the circulatory system. Diagnostic tests: electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
UNIT 6 NEUROLOGICAL PATHOLOGY
Anatomic and functional basis of the nervous system. Pathophysiology of the cerebrospinal fluid. Meningeal syndrome. Endocraneal hypertension syndrome.
Pathophysiology of consciousness. The sleep. The coma. Pathophysiology of the vegetative nervous System.
Pathophysiology of the peripheral nervous system. Main disorders of the peripheral nervous system.
Pathophysiology of the neuromuscular junction. Muscle and neuromuscular junction disorders. Signs and symptoms of muscular pathology: weakness, fatigue, muscle atrophy, sarcopenia. Myasthenia and myopathy syndromes.
Dra. R Belmonte; Roser.Belmonte@uab.cat
UNIT 7 ONCOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY
General pathology of neoplasms. Carcinogenesis and neoplasm invasion. Cancer syndrome Paraneoplastic syndrome
Main cancer types: breast, prostate, colon, lung.
UNIT 8 URINARY SYSTEM PATHOLOGY
Urinary semiology: dysuria, polaquiuria, urinary retention. Pathophysiology of the urinary tract.
Anatomical and functional basis of urinary continence. Pathophysiology of urinary incontinence. Clinical classification and evaluation of urinary incontinence. Child urinary incontinence: enuresis.
UNIT 9 HEMATOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY
Pathophysiology of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Anemic syndrome and polycythemic syndrome.
Pathophysiology of white blood cells (leukocytes) and lymphocytes. Leukemia Myeloproliferative syndromes.
Pathophysiology of hemostasis. Hemorrhagic diathesis. Thrombotic diathesis.
UNIT 10
Pathophysiology of the endocrine system. Pathophysiology ofthe hypothalamus pituitary axis. Pathophysiology of growth and development.
Physiopathology of glucide metabolism. Diabetes.
Complications of diabetes.
Pathophysiology of lipid metabolism. Dyslipidemia. Pathophysiology of the metabolism of proteins. Obesity and malnutrition
UNIT 11 DIGESTIVE PATHOLOGY
General pathophysiology of digestive motility, digestion and absorption of the digestive tract. Diarrhea. Constipation.
Main symptoms of the digestive system: pain, dysphagia, nail biting, heartburn, ptyalism, sialorrhea, vomiting, regurgitation. Hematemesis and melena. Gastrointestinal bleeding.
Hepatocellular failure syndrome. Portal hypertension syndrome.
Jaundice and cholestasis. Diagnostic exam and test of the digestive system.
UNIT 12 ARTICULAR OSTEO PATHOLOGY
Pathophysiology of bone tissue. Congenital bone diseases. Acquired bone diseases: nutrition, metabolism, osteoporosis, Paget's disease.
Pathophysiology of the joints. Inflammatory and degenerative disorders: arthritis and arthrosis.
Complementary explorations of the locomotive system: radiology, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance, ultrasound.
Methodology
The subject contains theory, classroom practices and self study.
Activities
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type: Directed | |||
| CLASSROOM PRACTICES | 6 | 0.24 | 1, 2, 3 |
| THEORY | 39 | 1.56 | 1, 2, 3 |
| Type: Autonomous | |||
| PREPARATION OF WRITTEN WORKS | 30 | 1.2 | 1, 2, 3 |
| READING ARTICLES / REPORTS OF INTEREST | 13 | 0.52 | 1, 2, 3 |
| SELF-STUDY | 60 | 2.4 | 1, 2, 3 |
Assessment
|
Tipology |
Duration |
Description of the evaluation tests |
Evaluation criteria |
% of final Grade |
|
Written exam 1 |
30 minutes |
Objective test of item selection. Test of 25 questions, with 4 options per question, of which 1 is correct.
|
Each question correctly answered adds 1 point. Each question erroneously answered subtracts 0.33 points. Unanswered questions will not score. |
40% |
|
Written exam 2 |
30 minutes |
Objective test of item selection. Test of 25 questions, with 4 options per question, of which 1 is correct. |
Each question correctly answered adds 1 point. Each question erroneously answered subtracts 0.33 points. Unanswered questions will not score. |
40% |
|
Case studies and problem solving |
|
Case studies and problem solving that the students will answer in writing and they will work in clasroom practices. |
|
15% |
|
Attendance and active participation |
|
From attendance and attitude during clasroom theory and practices. |
Attendance |
5% |
|
Recovery written exam |
60 minutes |
For students who have not passed exams 1 and 2. Objective test of item selection. Test of 50 questions, with 4 options per question, of which 1 is correct. |
Each question correctly answered adds 1 point. Each question erroneously answered subtracts 0.33 points. Unanswered questions will not score. If the student does not present the test, it will be considered non-evaluable. |
80% |
|
Final grade |
|
5 % Attendance and participation 15% Case studies and problem solving 40% Exam 1 40% Exam 2 |
It is essential to pass exams 1 and 2, or the recovery exam to pass the subject. |
|
*The dates of the evaluations and exams will be according to calendar
Assessment Activities
| Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Written evaluation 1: Objective tests multiple choice questions | 40% | 0.5 | 0.02 | 1, 2, 3 |
| Attendance and active participation in classroom practices | 5% | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Evaluation through case studies and problem solving | 15% | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 2, 3 |
| Written evaluation 2: Objective tests multiple choice questions | 40% | 0.5 | 0.02 | 1, 2, 3 |
Bibliography
Harrison medicine
https://cataleg.uab.cat/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1691019
Robbins Pathology
https://cataleg.uab.cat/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1965784
Farreras Valentí (et el.): Medicina interna
https://cataleg.uab.cat/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1936900