Degree | Type | Year | Semester |
---|---|---|---|
2500097 Physics | OT | 4 | 1 |
It is recommended that, in addition to the general knowledge taught in the first cycle subjects, they have previous knowledge of the bases of atomic physics and nuclear physics.
- Differentiate the ionizing radiations of the non-ionizing ones
- Study the processes of nuclear disintegration, the law of radioactive activity and the series of radioactive decay
- To know the physical principles of the interaction of any type of ionizing radiation with matter
- Apply these physical principles to the detection of ionizing radiation
- Study and differentiate the different types of radiation detectors and electronics associated with detection.
- Have knowledge of the different fields of application of ionizing radiation: environment, medicine and industry.
- To know the physical, limiting and operational magnitudes in radiation protection and their relation to radiation-matter interaction.
1.- Introduction
Radioactivity, since 1890.
Atoms
Atomic structure and atomic radiation
Nuclei
The nucleus and the radioactivity. Disintegration diagrams. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
Radioactivity
Activity and law of radioactive decay. Disintegration series. Balance
2.- Radiation-matter interaction
Interaction of particles loaded with matter
Heavy particles: collision mechanisms. Primary and secondary ionization. Power of braking. Semiclassic treatment: Bethe-Bloch equation. Energies of excitement. Reach Radiation Cerenkov. Limitations of semiclassic treatment.
Electrons: Mechanisms of loss of energy: collisions and emission of braking radiation. Reach
Traces of charged particles: Delta rays. Loss of restricted energy. Linear energy transfer (LET). Specific ionization. Fluctuations in energy and range. Dispersion of multiple Coulomb.
Interaction of photons with matter.
Photoelectric effect. Compton effect. Pair production Photonuclear reactions. Dimension coefficients and absorption coefficients.
Neutrons.
Neutron sources. Neutron classification. Mechanisms of interaction with the subject. Elastic dispersion Reactions and power threshold. Activation Fission Criticism
3.- Radiation detectors
Account statistics
Statistical models. Uncertainty Limit detection
General properties of detectors
Modes of operation. Resolution in energy. Efficiency of detection. Dead time Resolution time
Gas detectors
Ionization chambers.
Proportional Counters: Multiplication. Operation of proportional counters. Efficiency of detection and counting curves.
Geiger-Müller Counters: Download. Temporary behavior Design particulars. Efficiency
Flashing detectors
Solid spark plugs Liquid spark plugs Fotomultipliers and photodiodes. Spectrometry. Response to gamma radiation and neutrons
Semiconductors
Si Diodes Ge detectors Other semiconductors. Avalanche detectors
Neutron detectors
Detection of slow neutrons. Detection and rapid neutron spectrometry. Detectors based on activation.
Other detectors
Photographic emulsions Thermoluminescent dosimeters. Trace Detectors. Detectors Cerenkov. Fog rooms. Bubble chambers
Nuclear electronics
Pulse processing Impedances Linear functions and logic functions. Digital devices Multi-channel analyzers
4.- Applications
Radioprotection
Dosimetry Magnitudes and units. Dose calculation. Biological effects of radiation. Radiation protection: external radiation and internal dosimetry
Industrial applications
Measures of thicknesses. Density measurements Level control. Quality control. Sterilization.
Medical applications
Diagnostic tests (TAC). Production of radiopharmaceuticals. PET Radiation therapy treatments: LINACs and hadron therapy.
Natural environment:
Use of tracers. Environmental protection Geocronology.
5.- Practices (provisionallist)
Computer tools in radiation physics (classroom)
Geiger-Müller counter: characteristic curve, resolution time and geometric factor.
Determination of detection efficiency
Detection of alpha particles with a semiconductor surface barrier detector.
Absorption and backscattering of beta radiation
Gamma Spectrometry with solid flashlight NaI (Tl). Calibration in energy and study of spectra
Neutron spectrometry: the active system (3He) and the passive system (activation of 197Au) of the Bonner spheres of the UAB.
The subject has face-to-face classes of theory, problems and laboratory practices. It is highly recommended to attend classes of theory and problems, and it is mandatory to assist and perform the laboratory practices.
During the course, the carrying out of supervised activities, both of a more theoretical nature (bibliographic research and work realization) and of a practical nature (problem solving and experimental data search) will be considered.
The student will have to devote an important part of the time in the extension of the knowledge given in class and in the personal study.
- Presentiallity
Theory and problem classes will be held semi-presentially, with a classroom part and a virtual part, through the Virtual Campus platform.
Laboratory practices will be presential. In case of contingencies due to possible access restrictions, procedures will be established to perform a part of them virtually, using the Virtual Campus platform.
Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|
Type: Directed | |||
Laboratory demonstrations | 7 | 0.28 | |
Problems solving at the classroom/virtually | 12 | 0.48 | |
Theory lectures (presential/virtual) | 30 | 1.2 | |
Type: Autonomous | |||
Bibliographic tasks and problems | 15 | 0.6 | |
Information reasearch and studying | 61 | 2.44 | |
Preparation of the demonstration's reports | 16 | 0.64 |
The evaluation of the subject will be carried out with four types of activities:
1.- Practical theoretical examinations: There will be two partial exams with questions and problems about the syllabus taught in class or that the student has worked throughout the course that have a global weight of 50%. The partial exams are carried out on the dates reserved for this activity in the calendar of the degree of physics. Each partial exam has a weight between 20% and 30% on the final grade. The repesca test, on the scheduled date for the physical fitness calendar, allows students who have not passed one or both of the partials to have a second chance to do so. The possibility is not for students that have passed the course to submit to the repesca test to upload the note.
2.- Control and continuous evaluation tests that will be carried out during the course either presentially or virtually. Because of its nature, repesca is not possible. Typically 3 tests are performed throughout the course. The overall weight of this activity is 20%.
3.- Evaluation of laboratory practices. Based on the corresponding reports and the evaluation carried out by the laboratory professors during the performance of the practices. The accomplishment of the practices is an indispensable requirement to surpass the subject. The weight of this activity is 20%.
4.- Evaluation of the directed work and problems. With a global weight on the 10% note.
In order to pass the course, it is mandatory to note all the activities that can be evaluated.
Title | Weighting | Hours | ECTS | Learning Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control tests during the course | 20% | 1 | 0.04 | 2, 3, 6, 5, 7, 9, 12, 11, 13, 14, 18 |
Evaluation of demonstrations and their reports | 20% | 0 | 0 | 3, 4, 5, 9, 8, 10, 1, 12, 11, 15, 16, 19 |
Evaluation of supervises tasks and problems | 10% | 0 | 0 | 4, 6, 5, 20, 1, 11, 16, 18, 17 |
Repesca: recovery of the two partial examinations | 50% | 3 | 0.12 | 2, 3, 6, 5, 7, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17 |
Two partial examinations: 1) Interaction of radiation with matter; 2) Radiation detectors and applications. Each part has a weight of between 20% and 30% | 50% | 5 | 0.2 | 2, 3, 6, 5, 7, 9, 1, 13, 14, 16, 17 |